Chapter 3 - Steven Flashcards
What do Oxidation numbers tell you about?
The movement of electrons. Tells you how many electrons an atom has donated or accepted to form an ion, or to form part of a compound.
When elements are uncombined (on their own), what is their oxidation number?
0
When elements are bonded to identical elements, what is their oxidation number?
0
If hydrogen is bonded to hydrogen, what is its oxidation number?
0
What is the oxidation number of a simple, monatomic ion?
The same as its charge
In a molecular ion, what does the sum of the oxidation numbers equal?
The overall charge
For a neutral compound, what is the overall charge?
0
If the overall charge of a compound equals 0, what is the sum of the oxidation numbers?
0
When is the only time that hydrogen doesn’t have an oxidation number of +1?
In metal hydrides, where its oxidation number equals -1.
When is the only time that oxygen doesn’t have an oxidation number of -2?
In peroxides, where it has an oxidation number of -1.
What does the roman numerals tell you?
The oxidation number of the element.
When is an element’s oxidation number shown through the use of Roman numerals?
When there is multiple oxidation numbers
In copper(I) oxide, what is the oxidation number of copper?
+1
In copper (II) sulfate, what is the oxidation number of copper?
+2
What is the formula of nitrate?
NO3 -
What are anions?
Negatively charged ions
What are cations?
Positively charged ions
What is a loss of electrons called?
Oxidation
What is a gain in electrons called?
Recuction
What does an oxidising agent do?
Accepts electrons and gets reduced
What does a reducing agent do?
Donates electrons and gets oxidised
What is a redox reaction?
When oxidation and reduction happen simultaneously
If an atom loses one electron in a reaction, what happens to the oxidation number?
It increases by 1
If an atom gains 1 electron in a reaction, what happens to the oxidation number?
It decreases by 1
What is a disproportionate reaction?
A reaction where an element in a single species is simultaneously oxidized and reduced
