Chapter 5 - Static Electricity

Question 1

What does electricity describe?

Answer 1

All phenomena caused by positive and negative charges

Question 2

What is an electrical charge? /3

Answer 2

Property of protons and electrons

Electrical charge can be positive= charge of protons

Can be negative = charge of electrons

Question 3

What is an electrical force? /3

Answer 3

The force between “like” or “unlike” charges resulting in attraction or repulsion.

Unlike = attract (positive and negative)

Like = repel (positive and positive) (negative and negative)

OPPOSITES ATTRACT

Question 4

What is charging an object? /2

Answer 4

Creating an imbalance in the electrical charge of that object

3 ways:
Friction
Induction
Conduction

Question 5

What is a negatively charged body?

Answer 5

Contains more electrons than protons

Question 5

What is positively charged body?

Answer 5

Contains more protons than electrons

Question 5

What is a Colomb? /2

Answer 5

The unit of measurement for electrical charge

One coulomb is equal to the charge of 6.25 x 10 to the power of 18 electrons or protons

Question 6

What are electrical forces of attraction and repulsion? /2

Answer 6

Electrical charges of “like” signs repel each other (+ and + or - and -)

Electrical charges of “unlike” signs attract each other (opposites: + and -)

Question 7

What is electric force?

Answer 7

The force at work in the attraction and repulsion between charged objects

Question 8

What is the Law of Conservation of Charge?

Answer 8

Electrical charges can be neither created nor destroyed, ONLY transferred

Question 9

What is current intensity? /3

Answer 9

The number of charges that flow past a given point in an electrical circuit every second

Unit: Amperes (A)

Formula: I = V (Potential difference)
——————-
R (Resistance)
———————
t (seconds)

Question 10

What is potential difference? 3

Answer 10

The amount of energy transferred between 2 points in an electrical circuit

Unit: Volts (V)

Formula: V = R (Resistance) x I (Amperes)

Question 11

What is Resistance? /3

Answer 11

Material’s ability to hinder the flow of electric current

Unit: Ohms ♎️ (you know what I mean)

Formula: R = V (Potential difference)
——————————-
I (Amperes-Current intensity)

Question 12

What is Ohm’s Law? /2

Answer 12

For a given resistance the potential difference in an electrical circuit is directly proportional to the current intensity

Formulas:

1) V = R x I
2) R = V/I
3) I = V/R

Question 13

What is electrical power? /4

Answer 13

The amount of work an electrical device can perform per second

Unit: Watts

Formula: Pe = W (work - Joules)
—————————-
t (seconds)

OR

Pe = V (volts) x I (amperes)

Question 14

What is an electric circuit? /3

Answer 14

A network in which electrical charges can flow continuously in a loop

Made out of conducting material

Composed of:
Power supply
Circuit elements
Connecting wires

Question 15

What is a power supply?

Answer 15

Create a potential difference (Volts)

Ex. Battery, power outlet, plug

Question 16

What are circuit elements?

Answer 16

Take energy from the electrical current in the circuit and convert it into work

Ex. Resistors (common), lightbulbs, etc

Question 17

What are connecting wires? /2

Answer 17

Carry charges from the power supply to the circuit elements

Cause responds to conventional current (+ ==> -)

Question 18

What is a Series circuit? /4

Answer 18

A circuit in which the elements are connected end to end , one after the other

If one of the circuits components (element, wire) are defective, the entire circuit stops working because charges can no longer flow through it

The energy used by resistors adds up so that with each new resistor the amount of energy available is reduced

Fuses and breakers are used to prevent overload in circuits —cut off the current

Question 19

What is a Parallel circuit? /4

Answer 19

A circuit that contains at least one branch

If one of the circuits components (element, wire) are defective, other elements in the other branches can continue functioning

The energy used by resistors is shared among the various pathway of the circuit, causing the resistance to decrease

Current intensity is shared among the various resistors, so when another resistor is added, current intensity increases

Question 20

What is static electricity? /3

Answer 20

Describes all phenomena related to electrical charges at rest

3 ways: F.I.C
Friction
Induction
Conduction

Question 21

How do you calculate the following in a series circuit: /3

Current intensity?
Potential difference?
Equivalent Resistance?

Answer 21

Current intensity: I total = I1 = I2 =I3 =….

Potential difference: V total = V1 + V2 + V3 +….

Equivalent resistance: R eq = R1 + R2 + R3 +….

Question 22

How do you calculate the following in a parallel circuit: /3

Current intensity?
Potential difference?
Equivalent Resistance?

Answer 22

Current intensity: I total = I1 + I2 + I3 +….

Potential difference: V total = V1 = V2 = V3 =….

Equivalent resistance: R eq = 1
————————-
1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 +….