Chapter 5 - Static Electricity Flashcards
What does electricity describe?
All phenomena caused by positive and negative charges
What is an electrical charge? /3
Property of protons and electrons
Electrical charge can be positive= charge of protons
Can be negative = charge of electrons
What is an electrical force? /3
The force between “like” or “unlike” charges resulting in attraction or repulsion.
Unlike = attract (positive and negative)
Like = repel (positive and positive) (negative and negative)
OPPOSITES ATTRACT
What is charging an object? /2
Creating an imbalance in the electrical charge of that object
3 ways:
Friction
Induction
Conduction
What is a negatively charged body?
Contains more electrons than protons
What is positively charged body?
Contains more protons than electrons
What is a Colomb? /2
The unit of measurement for electrical charge
One coulomb is equal to the charge of 6.25 x 10 to the power of 18 electrons or protons
What are electrical forces of attraction and repulsion? /2
Electrical charges of “like” signs repel each other (+ and + or - and -)
Electrical charges of “unlike” signs attract each other (opposites: + and -)
What is electric force?
The force at work in the attraction and repulsion between charged objects
What is the Law of Conservation of Charge?
Electrical charges can be neither created nor destroyed, ONLY transferred
What is current intensity? /3
The number of charges that flow past a given point in an electrical circuit every second
Unit: Amperes (A)
Formula: I = V (Potential difference)
——————-
R (Resistance)
———————
t (seconds)
What is potential difference? 3
The amount of energy transferred between 2 points in an electrical circuit
Unit: Volts (V)
Formula: V = R (Resistance) x I (Amperes)
What is Resistance? /3
Material’s ability to hinder the flow of electric current
Unit: Ohms ♎️ (you know what I mean)
Formula: R = V (Potential difference)
——————————-
I (Amperes-Current intensity)
What is Ohm’s Law? /2
For a given resistance the potential difference in an electrical circuit is directly proportional to the current intensity
Formulas:
1) V = R x I
2) R = V/I
3) I = V/R
What is electrical power? /4
The amount of work an electrical device can perform per second
Unit: Watts
Formula: Pe = W (work - Joules)
—————————-
t (seconds)
OR
Pe = V (volts) x I (amperes)
What is an electric circuit? /3
A network in which electrical charges can flow continuously in a loop
Made out of conducting material
Composed of:
Power supply
Circuit elements
Connecting wires
What is a power supply?
Create a potential difference (Volts)
Ex. Battery, power outlet, plug
What are circuit elements?
Take energy from the electrical current in the circuit and convert it into work
Ex. Resistors (common), lightbulbs, etc
What are connecting wires? /2
Carry charges from the power supply to the circuit elements
Cause responds to conventional current (+ ==> -)
What is a Series circuit? /4
A circuit in which the elements are connected end to end , one after the other
If one of the circuits components (element, wire) are defective, the entire circuit stops working because charges can no longer flow through it
The energy used by resistors adds up so that with each new resistor the amount of energy available is reduced
Fuses and breakers are used to prevent overload in circuits —cut off the current
What is a Parallel circuit? /4
A circuit that contains at least one branch
If one of the circuits components (element, wire) are defective, other elements in the other branches can continue functioning
The energy used by resistors is shared among the various pathway of the circuit, causing the resistance to decrease
Current intensity is shared among the various resistors, so when another resistor is added, current intensity increases
What is static electricity? /3
Describes all phenomena related to electrical charges at rest
3 ways: F.I.C
Friction
Induction
Conduction
How do you calculate the following in a series circuit: /3
Current intensity?
Potential difference?
Equivalent Resistance?
Current intensity: I total = I1 = I2 =I3 =….
Potential difference: V total = V1 + V2 + V3 +….
Equivalent resistance: R eq = R1 + R2 + R3 +….
How do you calculate the following in a parallel circuit: /3
Current intensity?
Potential difference?
Equivalent Resistance?
Current intensity: I total = I1 + I2 + I3 +….
Potential difference: V total = V1 = V2 = V3 =….
Equivalent resistance: R eq = 1
————————-
1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 +….
