Chapter 1- Atom Models Flashcards
What is an atom? /2
The smallest particle of matter
Cannot be chemically divided
What is an element?
A pure substance that contains one type of atom
What is a molecule? /2
2 or more atoms bonded together
The coefficient of a chemical equation
What is an atomic number?
Represents the number of protons and electrons in an element
Why did scientists of the Industrial Revolution base their theories off experiments?
Since they had the resources and technology to test those theories
What is Rutherford-Bohr’s Model? /3(11)
Electrons:
Orbits:
Description:
A.k.a Sun and Planets Model
Description:
-Represents the atom as a very small nucleus made up of
positively charged protons
-Surrounded by negatively charged electrons moving in defined
orbits
Electrons:
-Travel around the nucleus in specific orbits
-Jump from one orbit to another
-Emit energy in the form of light when returning back to its original
orbit/loses energy
-Change/jump to another orbit further of closer to the nucleus
|. |-> lose energy=
|-> receive/gain energy. closer to the nucleus
= further away from the nucleus
Orbits:
- each orbit corresponds to a level of energy
- The stability of the atom keeps the electron in the same orbit
- Orbit prevent electrons from crashing into the nucleus
- When an electron stays in its original orbit= does not lose energy
How do you represent an atom according to the Rutherford-Bohr model? /3
Nucleus is represented by a solid circle with the number of protons indicated (ex. +11p)
Shells/orbit are represented by rings
Electrons are represented as dots on the shells/orbit with numbers at the bottom (ex. -2e)
What are the rules of the shells in the Rutherford-Bohr model? /w
First shell has a maximum of 2 electrons
The 2nd/3rd/4th shell has a maximum of 8 electrons
What is a proton? What is an electron? /2(4)
Proton:
One of the particles that make up the atom
Is positively charged
Electron:
One of the particles that make up the atom
Negatively charged
What is a compound?
A substance made up of 2 or more elements
What are groups in the periodic table? /7
8 vertical columns
Elements in the same column have similar chemical properties
Elements in the same column have the same number of valence electrons
Alkali metals
Alkaline earth metals
Halogens
Insert gases
What are valence electrons?
Electrons on the outer shell of an atom
What are Alkali metals? /8
IA
First column of the periodic table (Except hydrogen)
Soft metals
HIGHLY REACTIVE—cannot be exposed to moisture/air
The more you go down the column = more reactive the element is with H2O
Never found in their elemental state in nature but exist in compounds
One valence electron
Reacts violently with Halogens
What are Alkaline Earth metals? /9
IIA
Second column of the periodic table
Highly malleable metals
Very reactive (not as much as Alkali metal)
Can be exposed to air
Burn easily in the presence of heat
Never found in their elemental state
Form many compounds in rocks or earth (hence Earth metals)
Two valence electrons
What are Halogens? /8
VIIA
Seventh column of the periodic table
Non-metals
React easily to form compounds including salts
Many are powerful disinfectants
Reacts violently with Alkali metals
At room temperature can be solids/liquids/gas
Seven valence electrons
