Chapter 5 || Socio-Cultural Influences

Question 1

Role Model?

Answer 1

A person looked up to by others.

Question 2

Factors Effecting Participation?

Answer 2

Gender,

Ethnicity,

Age,

Family, Friends, Peers,

Disability.

Question 3

How Age Can Affect Sport Activity?

Answer 3

Tidal volume and stroke volume decrease,

Older you get, more likely you are to suffer from ill-health,

Older people are prone to injury,

Ability to take in oxygen and use it decreases by 1% every year after age of 25,

Skill levels can improve with age and experience,

Flexibility decreases with age,

Young people will not reach maximal strength until 25, this decreases after 40.

Question 4

Commercialisation?

Answer 4

The management or exploitation of a person, organisation or activity,

This is done to make profit.

Question 5

Media?

Answer 5

A diverse range of technologies that act as a means of mass communication,

Social media, press, radio and television.

Question 6

Sponsor?

Answer 6

Individual or group that provides finance or sport to an event, person or organisation.

Question 7

Sponsorship?

Answer 7

Provision of funds or other forms of support to an event, activity, person or organisation in return for some kind of commercial return.

Question 8

Hawkeye?

Answer 8

Computer system that uses several cameras to track the flight and trajectory of balls and other things,

Used to help with decision making on line calls and to see if goals have actually been scored.

Question 9

Performance Analysis Aids?

Answer 9

Wearable technology that monitors fitness and movements on field,

Used to carry out full analysis on an individual or player.

Question 10

Television Match Officials?

Answer 10

Also known as “video referees”, used to check and review the decisions made by the field match officials.

Question 11

Etiquette?

Answer 11

A convention or unwritten rule in an activity,

It is not enforceable but is usually observed,

An example of this would be a player kicking the ball out of play when a player on opposing team is injured. This is so the player can receive treatment and is good etiquette.

Question 12

Sportsmanship?

Answer 12

Conforming to the rules, spirit and etiquette of a sport.

Question 13

Gamesmanship?

Answer 13

Attempting to gain an advantage by stretching the rules to their limit.

Question 14

Contract To Compete?

Answer 14

An unwritten agreement between opponents to follow and abide by the written and unwritten rules of the sport.

Question 15

Hooliganism?

Answer 15

The disorderly, aggressive and often violent behaviour by spectators at a sporting event.

Question 16

Strategies To Combat Hooliganism?

Answer 16

Alcohol restrictions,

Banning orders,

Improved security,

All-Seater Stadia,

Educating Spectators,

Early Kick-Offs,

Segregation Of Fans.

Question 17

Home-Field Advantage?

Answer 17

Gaining an advantage in a sporting event from being in a familiar surrounding, with the majority of the spectators supporting you.

Question 18

Blood Doping?

Answer 18

Involves removing a performers blood a few weeks before a competition,

Freeze the blood,

This increases amount of red blood cells in the blood stream which increases the amount of oxygen carting capacity,

Blood put back in performer prior to competition,

Performer can perform longer before fatigue sets in,

Marathon runners or aerobic athletes may use this,

Blood can thicken and this increases risk of heart attacks. It also may cause blood vessels to block and could cause strokes.

Question 19

Beta Blockers?

Answer 19

Taken to reduce heart rate, muscles tension and blood pressure,

Reduce effects of adrenaline,

Improve fine movement control,

Have a calming and relaxing effect which can benefit fine movements,

Can cause tiredness and nausea and increase rate of heart problems.

Question 20

Stimulants?

Answer 20

Affect central nervous system,

Increase mental and physical alertness,

Reduces fatigue,

They can also mask serious injuries,

Risks include:

• High blood pressure,
• Strokes,
• Anxiety,
• Irregular heart beat,
• Tremors,
• Addiction,
• Poor judgement.

Question 21

Anabolic Agents?

Answer 21

Most common type of PED,

Steroids are an example,

Artificially produced hormones that mimic testosterone,
They promote muscle growth and bone growth,
They reduce recovery time,

Used by athletes who need strength and power,

Risks Include:

• Hair loss,
• Acne,
• Infertility,
• Tendons tearing,
• High blood pressure,
• Heart attack’s,
• Depression,
• Heart disease,
• Aggressive behaviour,
• Facial hair and low voice (women).

Question 22

Narcotic Analgesics?

Answer 22

Example is morphine,

They reduce the feeling of pain,

Risks Include:

• Slows down breathing (respiratory depression),
• Further injury can happen due to no feeling of pain,
• Constipation,
• Apathy,
• Addictive.

Question 23

Peptide Hormones?

Answer 23

Stimulates the production of hormones,

EPO is an example of this,

EPO is produces naturally by the kidneys. Artificial EPO is used to produce more red blood cells,

This increase the capacity of oxygen the blood is able to carry,

Allows performers to perform longer before fatigue sets in,

Risks Include:

• Blood becomes viscous,
• Heart attack’s,
• Embolism,
• Strokes.

Question 24

Viscous Means?

Answer 24

Blood becomes thicker.

Question 25

Embolism?

Answer 25

Blood vessel blockage.

Question 26

Diuretic Drugs?

Answer 26

Remove fluid from the body,

They do this by increasing urination,

Loose weight quickly,

People in boxing and martial arts do this to fit into category’s,

“Masking Agents” are another name,

Reduce concentration of prohibited substances in urine because the body is urinating more,

Risks Include:

• Dehydration,
• Kidney failure,
• Headaches,
• Heart failure,
• Muscle cramps.

Question 27

Disadvantages Of PED’s?

Answer 27

Cheating,

Reputation of sportsman and sport can be ruined,

Stripped of medals,

Ban in sport,

Health risks.