Chaper 1 || Applied Anatomy And Physiology Flashcards
24 Bones?
Cranium, Clavicle (collar bone), Phalanges, Metacarpals, Carpals, Sternum (breast bone), Ribs, Jaw Bone, Vertebrae, Scapula, Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Pelvis (hip bone), Sacrum, Femur (thigh bone), Patella (knee), Fibula, Talus, Tibia (shin), Tarsals, Phalanges, Metatarsals.
Flat Bones?
Quite larges,
Usually protect vital organs.
Long Bones?
Enable gross movements.
Short Bones?
Enable finer, controlled movements.
Irregular Bones?
Specifically shaped to protect,
For example, the vertebrae are designed to protect the spinal cord.
Bones In The Shoulder?
Scapula,
Clavicle,
Humerus.
Bones In The Elbow?
Humerus,
Radius,
Ulna.
Bones In The Hip?
Pelvis,
Femur.
Bones In The Knee?
Femur,
Patella,
Fibula,
Tibia.
Bones In The Ankle?
Tibia,
Fibula,
Talus.
Radius And Ulna Positioning?
Radius is in front of the ulna.
Tibia And Fibula Positioning?
Tibia is bigger and is in front of the fibula.
Functions Of The Skeleton?
Support, Protection, Movement, Shape/Structure, Blood Cell Production, Storage Of Minerals.
Musculoskeletal System?
The name used to describe the muscular and skeletal system working together.
Articulating Bones?
Bones that meet at a joint to enable movement.
Synovial Joint?
Freely movable joints,
Most common type of joint and are located at the shoulder, elbow, hip, knee and ankle,
An area of the body where two or more articulating bones meet.
Whats At A Synovial Joint?
Tendons, Bursae, Cartilage, Synovial Fluid, Ligaments, Synovial Membrane, Joint Capsule.
Joint Capsule?
Tissue that stops synovial fluid from escaping and encloses,
Supports and holds the bones together.
Synovial Membrane?
The lining inside the joint capsule that secretes (releases) synovial fluid.
Bursae?
Sac filled with liquid, floating inside the joint, to reduce friction between the tendon and bone.
Cartilage?
A tough but flexible tissue that acts as a buffer between the bones, preventing bones rubbing together and causing friction.
Synovial Fluid?
A clear and slippery substance that lubricates the joint and stops the bones rubbing together.
Tendons?
Very strong, non-elastic cords that join muscle to bone.
Ligaments?
Bands of elastic fibre that attach bone to bone, keeping the joints stable by restricting movement.
Ball And Socket Joints?
Can move away from the body, back towards the the body and can also rotate,
This range of movement makes them the most movable joint in the body,
Examples are shoulder and hip joints.
Respiratory System?
When you breathe in, air enters the nose and mouth,
The air then travels down a long tube called the trachea,
This connects to the lungs,
The air then passes down the bronchi and the bronchioles and int the alveoli,
Gaseous exchange takes place here.
Gaseous Exchange?
Oxygen is breathed in and passes through the alveoli and into the red blood cells,
In the capillaries, the oxygen combines with the haemoglobin (a protein in the blood cells) to form haemoglobin which is carried around the body,
At the same time, haemoglobin carried carbon dioxide from the body to the capillaries,
The carbon dioxide in the capillaries passes through the alveoli and is breathed out.
Isotonic Contraction?
Occurs when the muscle contracts and changes length,
Can happen eccentrically or concentrically.
Isometric Contraction?
When the muscle contracts and doesn’t change shape.
Concentric?
Muscle contracts and lengthens.
Eccentric?
Muscle contracts and shortens.
Cardio-Respiratory System?
The name used to describe the respiratory system and the cardiovascular system working together.
16 Muscles?
Rotator Cuffs, Trcieps, Biceps, Trapezius, Deltoid, Sternocleidomastoid, Latissiums Dorsi, Gluteals, Hamstring Group, Gastrocnemius, Abdominals, Intercostal Muscles, Pectorals, Hip Flexors, Quadriceps Group, Tibilias Anterior,
Shoulder Muscles?
Deltoid, trapezius, latissimus dorsi, biceps, triceps and rotator cuffs.