Chapter 5 SmartBook Flashcards
Knowledge of a culture’s management style will include knowledge of:
A. management values
B. business methods
C. language
D. business culture
A, B and D
Having empathy regarding another person’s way of thinking can result in better cultural understanding, which in turn leads to overcoming cultural barriers and a tendency toward
Adaption
In the process of adaptation, business executives must
Be conscious of local customs
Successful business people are aware that in some cultures, forming friendly relations is a critical first step that must be taken before any business negotiations can commence. In other words, establishing friendships is a cultural
Imperative
Customs that someone from a different culture desires to acknowledge and adhere to but that are not considered to be deal breakers are known as cultural
Electives
Which of the following statements is correct?
Cultural intelligence and emotional intelligence are equally important.
______ is essential to international marketing.
Adaption
According to the ______ philosophy, people can influence their own future.
“master of destiny”
To ensure adequate adaptation, business executives must be willing to ______.
understand that cultural differences may generate confusion and frustration
In the United States, a corporation is considered to be a(n) ______ social institution, one with rules, regulations, and an established presence.
separate and vital
The customs that should be adhered to for a business relationship to be successful are known as cultural
imperatives.
Unlike other cultures where personal relationships are the fundamental core of a business, U.S. companies use ______ to determine who is hired and how an organization is structured.
Merit
When adhering to a custom is not mandatory but is allowed, that custom is a cultural
Elective
In U.S. businesses, the power and task of making decisions are handled by lower management, which means decisions are
decentralized
The concept, common among U.S. managers, that people have the power to influence their futures is known as the
“master of destiny” philosophy.
Which of the following is a fundamental concept of the American business system?
a never-ending quest for improvement
A key philosophy of U.S. businesses is that ______ is a tool for social action.
independent enterprise
The belief that ______ is necessary for efficiency, as well as improvement and regeneration, is a key concept in U.S. business practices.
competition
In the United States, the hiring process and salary rewards are generally based on______, which is in keeping with the concept that individuals are in control of their futures.
Merit
Unlike egalitarian countries, countries that value and emphasize status and position place more importance on ______.
the status of business colleagues and clients
A fundamental concept in American business culture is ______, which complements the ideas of merit-based promotion and power over one’s future.
sharing in decision making
Development of organizations and progression of business management eventually lead to
decentralized management decision making.
Some ancient cultures that valued decadent lifestyles viewed work as an unwelcome component that interfered with the
search for pleasure or a good personal life.
Which of the following best reflects the universal question among typical corporations in the United States?
Can it be done better?
In “The Silent Language of Overseas Business,” Edward T.Hall writes about the symbolic meanings, ______or _______
, of such things as time, space, and friendships, and how they differ from culture to culture.
Silent Languages
In contrast to managers and policymakers in other cultures, Western managers favor
competition.
Building trust in cross-cultural teams can be affected by how diverse
_____ are.
languages
Match a country’s degree of prominence of status and position or PDI (in the left column) with the correct description (in the right column.)
High PDI = Subordinates are not likely to contradict bosses.
Low PDI = Subordinates often contradict bosses.
Match the following types of cultures as categorized by Edward T. Hall (in the left column) with the type of communication on which they depend (in the right column.)
High-context cultures = Depend heavily on nonverbal aspects of communication
Low-context cultures
= Depend more on explicit, verbally expressed communication
Managers and professionals at different levels can exert power and have ownership of their roles and tasks through the process of
decentralized decision making.
An outcome of posting a message on a public or business-to-business website is that
a reader might not interpret the message in the way the writer intended.
David McClelland’s worldwide study of goals and aspirations revealed that some cultures value a ______ more strongly than financial gains or job status.
good personal life
Mainland Inc., an American investment firm, encourages its employees to address their colleagues and seniors by their first names. This scenario describes the American characteristic of
informality.
According to Edward T. Hall, ______ is not only about words.
communication
The time system specified by Edward T. Hall that treats time as something palpable in that it can be wasted or spent is known as
monochronic time.
COVID-19 has changed the dynamics of teams significantly. Which of the following is true?
It is more challenging to build trust via Zoom.
The anthropologist Edward T. Hall categorized cultures using a
high-context/low-context continuum.
A characteristic of polychronic time is that
interruptions are routine and delays are expected.
True or false: Language should be at the bottom of the list when examining the viability of a company’s website.
F
Unlike American companies, organizations in many other countries have not demonstrated a rapid acceptance of and adaptation to a Blank______ orientation.
marketing
American business relationships, in comparison to business relationships in other cultures, are generally considered to be
informal and casual.
Female executives in international business have workplace challenges due to gender biases in some countries. For this reason, some companies do not eagerly offer women______.
international assignments
Western cultures such as North America, Germany, and Scandinavia tend to run on _______
time, or M-time, which is used in a linear way, and it is experienced as almost tangible, in that one saves time, wastes time, bides time, spends time, and loses time.
monochromic
The respect a businessperson commands in international business depends on
training and the backing of the firm.
Which of the following factors are typical of the polychronic time system?
A. wait-and-see-what-develops attitude
B. promptness and formality
C. deeper involvement with individuals
D. looser time schedules
E. linearity
A, C and D
Which of Hofstede’s cultural values best explains gender role separations?
masculinity-femininity
Profits are directly tied to the success of a company’s
marketing orientation.
True or false: One research study across 41 countries shows that the ethics of methods to influence managers are similar in all countries.
T
The primary reason given to explain the negative opinions about women in international business is that women Blank______.
have a hard time succeeding in the global workplace
Which of the following is an important factor for Americans that other countries can see as a form of corruption?
individualism
To succeed in international business, businesspeople must count on the
strong support of the firm.
True or false: Participating in corruption by paying a bribe, even if other businesses are doing it, is problematic in terms of the ethics and success of a business.
T
Opportunities for leadership positions for women (in corporate and public office) are typically best in which region of the world?
Scandinavia
international business ethics are complicated by the fact that
different cultures have different customs and beliefs.
A government official demands that a construction company give him money before he will sign off on the continuation of a building project. He threatens to cancel the project and withdraw government funding. The government official is engaged in
extortion
For those raised and educated in countries with Marxist ideals, profits may be considered a type of
corruption.
______ occurs when factory workers are given a small amount of cash to work more quickly on a given day.
Lubrication
Which of the following statements about the Western focus on bribery is true?
Corruption and bribery are no longer accepted as norms.
A variation of bribery that includes significant amounts of money paid to an official in the hopes that the official will illegally help the payer is known as
subornation
Ronald, a marketing executive at Renaissance Corp., offers a government official payment in exchange for tax deductions on advertisements on government property. Ronald is engaged in
bribery
Maintaining ethics and social responsibility in an international market can be challenging because
a manager must navigate all the cultural differences.
Which of the following are general business areas in which standard operations such as decision making and policy making present challenges? (Check all that apply.)
A. employment practices and policies
B. basic human rights and fundamental freedoms
C. consumer protection
D. environmental protection
E. involvement in the country’s social affairs
A, B, C and D
When a person in power forces someone to make a payment for something that does not require any payment, the person is engaged in
extortion
Match the types of ethical principles (in the left column) with the questions they raise in (in the right column.)
Utilitarian ethics
matches
ChoiceWhether an action optimizes the “common good” or benefits of all constituencies
Rights of the parties
matches
ChoiceWhether an action respects the rights of the individuals involved
Justice or fairness
matches
ChoiceWhether an action respects the canon of equality to all parties involved
A type of bribery that includes a small fee or gift to a low-level bureaucrat in a country that does not ban such payments is known as
lubrication
The return on Blank______ is determined partly by the degree of brand equity and the ability to come up with socially responsible and sustainable ideas.
strategic philanthropy
A payment intended to influence an official to either ignore or commit an illegal activity is called
subornation
Match the forms of capitalism (in the left column) with the business systems they typify (in the right column.)
Individualistic capitalism
matches
ChoiceBusiness systems are typified by adversarial relationships among labor, management, and government.
Communitarian capitalism
matches
ChoiceBusiness systems are typified by cooperation among government, management, and labor.
It should be the goal of every businessperson to
act in an ethically and socially responsible manner.
Relationship-oriented cultures are characterized by
high power distance.
One broad area in which a company faces challenges in normal business operations is
involvement in a country’s political affairs
Which of the following ethical principles can assist a marketer in determining what to do and how to act?
A. Rights of the parties
B. Justice or fairness
C. Kantian ethics
D. Utilitarian ethics
E. Consequentialism
A, B and D
Recently, companies have become more involved with helping local communities and sponsoring projects that are aligned with their knowledge areas. These companies are engaging in
strategic philanthropy.
Lester Thurow made a distinction between two types of capitalism: the British-American ______ form of capitalism and the ______ form of capitalism in Japan and Germany.
individualistic; communitarian
Which of the following are characteristics of relationship-oriented cultures?
A. Internet communications
B. high context
C. reduced transaction costs
D. focus on the foreground
E. high distance from English
F. collectivism
B, C, E and F
Which of the following are general business areas in which standard operations such as decision making and policy making present challenges?
A. basic human rights and fundamental freedoms
B. consumer protection
C. involvement in the country’s social affairs
D. environmental protection
E. employment practices and policies
A, B, D and E
Relationship-oriented cultures are characterized by
high power distance.
