Chapter 5 Sensation and Perception Flashcards
Müller-Lyer illusion
The Müller-Lyer illusion is an optical illusion consisting of three stylized arrows. When viewers are asked to place a mark on the figure at the midpoint, they tend to place it more towards the “tail” end. The illusion was devised by Franz Carl Müller-Lyer, a German sociologist, in 1889
Binocular disparity
Binocular disparity refers to the difference in image location of an object seen by the left and right eyes, resulting from the eyes’ horizontal separation. The brain uses binocular disparity to extract depth information from the two-dimensional retinal images in stereopsis
Binocular disparity
Binocular disparity refers to the difference in image location of an object seen by the left and right eyes, resulting from the eyes’ horizontal separation. The brain uses binocular disparity to extract depth information from the two-dimensional retinal images in stereopsis
transduction
Transduction is the process by which foreign DNA is introduced into a cell by a virus or viral vector. An example is the viral transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another and hence an example of horizontal gene transfer
Night blindness
Night blindness is poor vision at night or in dim light. The cornea allows light to enter the eye. As light passes through the eye the iris changes shape by expanding and letting more light through or constricting and letting less light through to change pupil size.
sensation vs perception
Sensation occurs when sensory receptors detect sensory stimuli. Perception involves the organization, interpretation, and conscious experience of those sensations
pheromones
A pheromone is a secreted or excreted chemical factor that triggers a social response in members of the same species. Pheromones are chemicals capable of acting like hormones outside the body of the secreting individual, to affect the behavior of the receiving individuals
proprioception
Broadly defined, proprioception refers to the conscious awareness of body and limbs and has several distinct properties: passive motion sense, active motion sense, limb position sense, and the sense of heaviness
top down vs bottom up processing
Bottom-up processing begins with the retrieval of sensory information from our external environment to build perceptions based on the current input of sensory information. Top-down processing is the interpretation of incoming information based on prior knowledge, experiences, and expectations
somatosensation
Somatosensation is the group of sensory modalities that are associated with touch, proprioception, and interoception.
interoception
Interoception is the perception of sensations from inside the body and includes the perception of physical sensations related to internal organ function such as heart beat, respiration, satiety, as well as the autonomic nervous system activity related to emotions
gustation
Taste, or more formally gustation, is a form of direct chemoreception and is one of the five traditional senses
good continuation
(also, continuity) we are more likely to perceive continuous, smooth flowing lines rather
than jagged, broken lines
interaural level difference
sound coming from one side of the body is more intense at the closest ear because
of the attenuation of the sound wave as it passes through the head
interaural timing difference
small difference in the time at which a given sound wave arrives at each ear
