Chapter 4 States of Consciousness

Question 1

cataplexy

Answer 1

lack of muscle tone or muscle weakness, and in some cases complete paralysis of the voluntary muscles

Question 2

cognitive-behavioral therapy

Answer 2

psychotherapy that focuses on cognitive processes and problem behaviors that
is sometimes used to treat sleep disorders such as insomnia

Question 3

collective unconscious

Answer 3

theoretical repository of information shared by all people across cultures, as
described by Carl Jung

Question 4

continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Answer 4

device used to treat sleep apnea; includes a mask that fits over
the sleeper’s nose and mouth, which is connected to a pump that pumps air into the person’s airways, forcing them to remain open

Question 5

evolutionary psychology

Answer 5

discipline that studies how universal patterns of behavior and cognitive processes
have evolved over time as a result of natural selection

Question 6

K-complex

Answer 6

very high amplitude pattern of brain activity associated with stage 2 sleep that may occur in
response to environmental stimuli

Question 7

latent conten

Answer 7

hidden meaning of a dream, per Sigmund Freud’s view of the function of dreams

Question 8

manifest content

Answer 8

storyline of events that occur during a dream, per Sigmund Freud’s view of the function of
dreams

Question 9

parasomnia

Answer 9

one of a group of sleep disorders characterized by unwanted, disruptive motor activity and/or experiences during sleep

Question 10

pineal gland

Answer 10

endocrine structure located inside the brain that releases melatonin

Question 11

suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

Answer 11

area of the hypothalamus in which the body’s biological clock is located

Question 12

somnambulism

Answer 12

Sleepwalking

Question 13

Parasomnias

Answer 13

parasomnias are disruptive sleep-related disorders

Question 14

Cataplexy is a symptom associated with ________.

Answer 14

narcolepsy

Question 15

Sleepwalking, night terrors, and restless leg syndrome are all examples of________.

Answer 15

parasomnias

Question 16

Which of the following would be experienced during a euphoric high?

Answer 16

feelings of intense elation and pleasure

Question 17

What are some symptoms of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)?

Answer 17

kicking and punching while asleep

Question 18

non-REM

Answer 18

a state of sleep that occurs regularly during a normal period of sleep with intervening periods of REM sleep and is characterized by delta wave brain activity, little dreaming, and a reduced level of autonomic physiological activity Non-REM sleep is a quiet sleep state.

Question 19

REM Sleep

Answer 19

Rapid eye movement sleep

Question 20

homeostasis

Answer 20

the tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially as maintained by physiological processes.