Chapter 5 Sampling

Question 1

Sampling in which elements are selected on the basis of convenience

Answer 1

Availability sampling

Question 2

A naturally occurring, mixed aggregate of elements in the population

Answer 2

Cluster

Question 3

Ability to generalize findings from 1 group, population, or setting to other groups, population, or settings

Answer 3

Cross population generalizability

Question 4

Elements are selected from strata in different proportions to their actual numbers in the population

Answer 4

Disproportionate stratified random sampling

Question 5

When a researcher draws conclusions about individual-level processes based on group-level data

Answer 5

Ecological fallacy

Question 6

the individual members of the populations whose characteristics are to be measured

Answer 6

Elements

Question 7

There are 2 or more stages; the first being random selection of natural clusters and the last stage being random selection of elements within those clusters

Answer 7

Multistage cluster sample

Question 8

Where the sample is selected using 2 or more stages; the units selected within each stage are sampling units, but typically one set of those sampling units are the elements

Answer 8

Multistage sample

Question 9

Sampling method in which the probability of selection of population elements is unknown

Answer 9

Non-probability sampling methods

Question 10

People who don’t participate in the study although they are selected for the sample

Answer 10

Nonresponse

Question 11

The entire set of elements that we are interested in

Answer 11

Population

Question 12

Allow us to know in advance how likely it is that any given element of a population will be selected for inclusion in the sample (no bias, main feature is random selection of elements, required to ensure a representative sample)

Answer 12

Probability sampling methods

Question 13

each strata would be represented in proportion to their actual numbers in the population

Answer 13

Proportionate stratified sampling

Question 14

Each element is selected for a purpose, usually because of their unique position or special knowledge

Answer 14

Purposive sample

Question 15

elements are selected to ensure the sample has certain characteristics in proportion to their numbers in the population

Answer 15

Quota sample

Question 16

when a researcher draws conclusions about group-level data processes based on individual-level data

Answer 16

Reductionist fallacy (reductionism)

Question 17

A process by which a portion of an entire set of elements is selected for a study

Answer 17

Sample

Question 18

the list from which the elements of the population are selected for inclusion into the sample

Answer 18

Sampling frame

Question 19

Any difference between the characteristics of a sample and the characteristics of the population from which it was selected

Answer 19

Sampling error

Question 20

units selected at each stage of a multi-stage design, who may or may not be the study elements; info about the elements may be gathered from other sampling units

Answer 20

Sampling units

Question 21

individuals are sampled and they are the focus of the study

Answer 21

Single stage sample

Question 22

A method of sampling in which every sample element is selected only on the basis of chance through a random process

Answer 22

Simple random sample

Question 23

Identify 1 member of the population and they recruit more participants for the study (sample size increases)Snowball sample

Answer 23

Snowball sample

Question 24

A method of sampling in which sample elements are selected from a list or from sequential files

Answer 24

Systematic random sample

Question 25

Units of analysis