Chapter 5 (review sheet) Flashcards
Fruit flies would not be a good organism for genetic studies if they
A) were a small organism.
B) had visible difference between the sexes.
C) were easy to mate.
D) had a five year life cycle.
D
A serious blood disease common among Africans that demonstrates pleiotropy is A) leukemia. B) sickle cell anemia. C) aplastic anemia. D) pernicious anemia
B
The principle of genetics involved when one gene in a pair masks or prevents the expression of the other is called the principle of _____.
dominance and recessiveness
The separation of pairs of genes on homologous chromosomes during the formation of gametes demonstrates the concept of _____.
segregation
Which of these is a difference between mitosis and meiosis?
A) the number of consecutive cell divisions
B) the presence or absence of spindles
C) the attachment between DNA duplicates
D) the coiling of the chromosomes
A
When two haploid gametes unite, they form a diploid cell called a _____.
zygote
Interphase includes all of the following except A) G1 B) G2 C) S phase D) prophase
D
The human diploid chromosome number is _____.
46
Sections of a chromosome that code for a trait are called _____.
genes
Hair and eye color, body build, and facial features are inherited and are called
individual characteristics.
The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis is _____.
crossing over
Gametogenesis is A) the body of a seed. B) the carrying of a sperm or eggs C) formation of ova or sperm. D) a theory of the beginning of games.
C
Possessing a pair of identical alleles for one trait is the _____ condition.
homozygous
A condition which both the alleles of a heterozygous condition are expressed is _____.
incomplete dominance
A test cross involves mating an organism that has an unknown genotype but dominant phenotype with A) an incompletely dominant organism. B) a homozygous dominant organism. C) a homozygous recessive organism. D) a heterozygous recessive organism.
C
A chart showing the phenotype of the individuals in several generations of a family is a _____.
pedigree
A chart that enables one to visualize gene pairings is called a _____.
Punnett square
When dealing with two sets of traits, you would be dealing with a A) diploid condition. B) monohybrid cross. C) dihybrid cross D) triploid condition.
C
The condition in which a locus on a chromosome can have one of several different genes is _____
multiple alleles
Autosomes are chromosomes that A) are not sex chromosomes. B) are haploid rather than diploed. C) bear a lethal gene. D) have been altered by mutation.
A
A trait carried only on the X sex chromosome is A) sex-limited. B) sex-linked. C) sex-influenced. D) sex-determined.
B
In the case of the sex-linked trait red-green colorblindness, which of the following could not possibly have occurred?
A) A carrier mother passed the gene on to her son.
B) A carrier mother passed the gene on to her daughter.
C) A colorblind fater passed the gene on to his son.
D) A colorblind father passed the gene on to his daughter.
C
The blood type that always indicates a homozygous condition is A) A B) B C) AB D) O
D
A gene is a section of DNA that an produce a particular polypeptide chain of amino acids and thereby causes a trait. T/F?
True
Humans are more than just the sum of their inherited genetic potential and their environment since humans also have a spiritual nature. T/F?
True
In condominance, the individual expresses both alleles with no blending of traits. T/F?
True
During cytokinesis, animal cells form a cell plate to divide the cytoplasm. T/F?
False
The number of chromosomes differs from one organism to another but is the same in virtually all the normal cells of an individual organism. T/F?
True
A histone is a protein that helps protect and maintain the shape of a chromosome. T/F?
True
The cell cycle has three phases: interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis. T/F?
True
The sequence of the phase of mitosis is prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase, followed by interphase, which is actually the phase between mitotic divisions. T/F?
False
For a simple dominant and recessive characteristic, a cross between organisms of genotypes AA and aa will produce offspring that all have any of the possible genotypes for this characteristic. T/F?
True
For a simple dominant and recessive characteristic, a cross between organisms of genotypes Ee and Ee could produce offspring that have any of the possible genotypes for this characteristic. T/F?
True
Multiple gene interaction occurs when several different sets of genes work together to produce a single trait. T/F?
True
Fertilization is the formation of gametes for reproduction. T/F?
False
A flower is self-pollinated when it receives pollen from a flower of the same kind of plant. T/F?
False
For a simple dominant and recessive characteristic, a cross between organisms of genotypes AA and aa will produce offspring that all have the same phenotype.
False
For an incomplete dominant characteristic, a cross between organisms of genotypes cc and dd will produce offspring that do not all have the same genotype.
False
For an incomplete dominant characteristic, a cross between organisms of genotypes cd and cd will produce offspring that do not all have the same phenotype.
True
What is the study of heredity called?
Genetics
In which phase of mitosis does the centrosome divide and migrate?
prophase
In which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes begin to coil in the nucleus?
prophase
In which phase of mitosis do the kinetochore fibers pull the sister chromatids apart?
anaphase
In which phase of mitosis are the sister chromatids at the center of the spindle?
metaphase
In which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes uncoil?
telophase
Explain why sexual reproduction results in offspring that are not identical to either parent.
The offspring gets a set of genes from both parents, so the offspring will vary from the parents, and other offspring from the same parents.
