Chapter 5: Probability

Question 1

experiment

Answer 1

a procedure carried out under controlled conditions

Question 2

outcome

Answer 2

result of an experiment

Question 3

sample space (S)

Answer 3

all possible outcomes of an experiment

Question 4

n(S)

Answer 4

size of sample space

Question 5

event (E)

Answer 5

outcome(s) that we want

Question 6

n(E)

Answer 6

size of event

Question 7

P(E)

Answer 7

probability of “event E”

Question 8

equally likely outcomes (ELO)

Answer 8

each outcome has an equal probability of occuring

Question 9

probability

Answer 9

likelihood of an event happening

Question 10

intersection (∩)

Answer 10

“and”

Question 11

union (∪)

Answer 11

“or”

Question 12

complement (A’)

Answer 12

event A not occuring

Question 13

additive rule

Answer 13

P( A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B)

Question 14

mutually exclusive (disjoint)

Answer 14

events A and B can never happen together

Question 15

independent events

Answer 15

event A does not influence event B

Question 16

multiplication rule for independent events

Answer 16

P(A and B) = P(A) * P(B)

Question 17

conditional probability ( P(B|A) )

Answer 17

probability of an event given that another event happened/is known to happen

Question 18

conditional probability rule

Answer 18

P(B|A) = P(A and B)/P(A)

Question 19

general multiplicative rule

Answer 19

P(A and B) = P(A)*P(B|A)

Question 20

tree diagram

Answer 20

diagram that helps visualize probabilities with multiple events

Question 21

permutations

Answer 21

arrangement of elements or some of the elements of a set such that order matters

Question 22

combinations

Answer 22

arragement of elements such that order does not matter

Question 23

fundamental counting principle

Answer 23

multiply the number of ways you can complete each stage