Chapter 10: Hypothesis Tests Regarding a Parameter Flashcards
hypothesis testing
procedure to test claims regarding a population parameter using sample evidence and probabiity
null hypothesis (H_0)
basic claim to be rejected
alternative hypothesis (H_a)
alternate claim used if the null hypothesis is rejected
type 1 error
rejecting H_0 when it is true
type 2 error
failing to reject H_0 when it is false
level of significance (α)
probability of a type 1 error; used to determine the confidence that an alternate claim is true
rejection region (RR)
interval involving a critical number that decides whether a test statistic sufficiently supports the alternate hypothesis
test statistic
value that is to be compared with the rejection region to see if the null hypothesis may be rejected
classical method
using a t or z score to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis
p-value method
uses the probability of the test interval occurring to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis
What is the first step in a hypothesis test?
Describe the population parameter to be tested
What is the second step of hypothesis testing?
state the null hypothesis
What is the third step of hypothesis testing?
state the alternative hypothesis and determine the type of test (left, right, or two tailed)
What is the fourth step of hypothesis testing?
draw the appropriate distribution with the chosen significance level and find the rejection region
What is the fifth step of hypothesis testing?
Write the test statistic formula and make sure the criteria for the test are met
What is the sixth step of hypothesis testing?
substituting in known values into the test statistic formula to find that value, then comparing it to the rejection region
What is the seventh step of hypothesis testing?
using the test statistic value with the appropriate distribution to find the p-value
What is the eighth step of hypothesis testing?
state the conclusion of the hypothesis test in both statistic terms and in plain English terms
Which distribution is used for a hypothesis test for the population mean?
t-distribution
What criteria must be met to find the t-statistic for population means?
parent population distribution must be approximately normal
Which distribution is used for a hypothesis test for the population proportion?
z-distribution
What criteria must be met to find the z-statistic for population proportions?
npq ≥ 10 and 20n ≤ N
Which distribution is used for a hypothesis test for the standard deviation or variance?
chi-squared distribution
What criteria must be met to find the chi-squared statistic for population standard deviations and variances?
parent population distribution must be approximately normal
