Chapter 5 Preventing violent conflict Flashcards
(41 cards)
what has been the central purpose of conflict resolution?
To seek to prevent violent conflicts.
In order to prevent conflict what needs to be done?
The potential sources of conflict need to be identified and analysed with a view to their early resolution, and concrete steps must be taken to forestall armed confrontation.
What is conflict prevention defined as in the Agenda for peace by the UN-secretary general?
The avoidance of new armed conflicts, containment of existing armed conflicts and non-recurrence of ended armed conflicts.
What does the Influential Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict identify as the main aims of conflict prevention?
To prevent the emergence of violent conflict, to prevent ongoing conflicts from spreading, and to prevent the re-emerging of violence.
What is the aim of conflict prevention when it is not to avoid conflict altogether?
To avert violent conflicts, conflicts pursued constructively are creative and form a necessary means of bringing about change.
What is Kriesberg’s definition of constructive conflict?
Conflict outcomes are constructive insofar as the parties regard them as mutually acceptable. Moreover, they are constructive insofar as they provide a basis for an ongoing relationship in which future conflicts tend to be waged constructively.
What is one of the aims of the conflict resolution endeavour?
To increase the range of situations where violence is not a possibility, to create conditions where there are stable expectations of peaceful change.
How do new conflict formations emerge?
social change creates a basis for conflict, in response to such changes people collectively define their interests formulate goals and act together to mobilize in order to pursue their goals. If the goals are incompatible with those of other groups a conflict forms. if the incompatibility is so severe that they can no longer go on violence becomes possible.
What is the main method by which parties try to resolve conflicts peacefully?
By negotiations
What shapes the process of negotiations?
The approach of the parties and of the negotiations, the range of options, the cultural setting and the context
What are options for preventing and managing conflicts in ethnic conflicts according to the book?
Minority rights, autonomy, voting systems and legislative assemblies that give incentives to ethnic groups to work together, various types of power-sharing and consociational systems, confederal and federal systems and inter-ethnic associations.
What can parties opt for if negotiations fail?
Pursuing conflict but limiting their behaviour to avoid violence.
What do Chenoweth and Cunningham say about unarmed civilians?
Routinely prosecute conflicts without resorting to arms, and they do so extremely forcefully and to great effects at times.
How do non-violent campaigns derive their effectiveness?
From mass participation.
What are ways to avoid violent conflicts that place a premium on actors to use peaceful means?
Constructive conflict, peaceful change and non-violence
What do we need to prevent wars according to Taylor?
General conditions that reduce the likelihood of conflict and look at specific interventions that may prevent a conflict from turning to war.
What addresses structural or deep preventions?
Aims to address the root causes of conflict such as economic grievances, political exclusion and group discrimination.
What addresses Direct or light prevention?
Aims to prevent an existing conflict from becoming violent eg. through mediation, confidence-building measures and crisis management.
What are the two tasks involved in the developing of a conflict early warning system?
- Identification of the type and location of the conflicts that could become violent.
- Monitoring and assessing their progress with a view to assessing how close to violence they are.
Which three factors affect the proneness of a communal group to rebel according to the Minorites at Risk data?
Collective incentives, capacity for joint action and external opportunities
What does qualitative conflict monitoring consist of?
the mass of reports, news stories, academic analyses and general information that is available about particular situations. In the public domain, it includes the reports of humanitarian agencies and analyses of conflict and countries at risk.
What is the key issue if not in fact providing early warning?
Mustering the political resources to make an appropriate early response when a warning has been issued.
In structural prevention violent conflict is likely to be avoided when?
When there is an agreed and legitimate basis for a political community and the community provides public goods and secures the accepted values of its members.
What do Keohane and Nye state on structural prevention at the international level?
Complex bonds of interdependence tend to create a set of interlocking issue areas in which security concerns are not necessarily privileged over others.
