Chapter 5- Population Size And Ecosystems Flashcards

1
Q

Population

A

An interbreeding group of organisms of the same species occupying the same habitat

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2
Q

Birth Rate

A

The reproductive capacity of a population; the number of new individuals derived from reproduction per unit time

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3
Q

Immigration

A

The movement of individuals into a population of the same species

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4
Q

Equilibrium species

A

Species that control their population by competition rather than by reproduction and dispersal

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5
Q

Environmental resistance

A

Refers to environmental factors that slow down population growth

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6
Q

Biotic

A

A part of the environment of an organism that is living, e.g. Pathogens, predators

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7
Q

Abiotic

A

A part of the environment of an organism that is non-living, e.g. Air temperature, oxygen availability

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8
Q

Carrying capacity

A

The maximum number around which a population fluctuates in a given environment

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9
Q

Abundance

A

The number of individuals in a species in a given area or volume

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10
Q

Distribution

A

The area or volume in which the organisms of a species are found

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11
Q

Ecosystem

A

A characteristic community of interdependent species interacting with the abiotic components of their habitats

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12
Q

Habitat

A

The place in which an organism lives

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13
Q

Community

A

Interacting populations of two or more species in the same habitat at the time

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14
Q

Tropic level

A

Feeding level; the number of times that energy has been transferred between the sun and successive organisms along a food chain

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15
Q

Biomass

A

The mass of biological material in living, or recently living organisms

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16
Q

Saprobiont

A

A microorganism that obtains its food from the dead or decaying remains of other organisms

17
Q

Gross primary productivity

A

The rate of reproduction of chemical energy in organic molecules by photosynthesis in a given area, in a given time, measured in kJ m-2 y-1

18
Q

Net primary productivity

A

Energy in the plant’s biomass which is available to primary consumers, measured in kJ m-2 y-1

19
Q

Primary productivity

A

The rate at which energy is converted by producers into biomass

20
Q

Secondary productivity

A

The rate at which consumers convert the chemical energy of their food into biomass

21
Q

Succession

A

The change in structure and species composition of a community over time

22
Q

Climax community

A

A stable, self perpetuating community that has reached equilibrium with its environment, and no further change occurs.

23
Q

Primary succession

A

The change in structure and species composition of a community over time in an area that has not previously been colonised

24
Q

Pioneer species

A

The first species to colonise a new area is an ecological succession e.g. Algae, lichens and misses in a xerosere

25
Secondary succession
The changes in a community following the disturbance or damage to a colonised habitat
26
Niche
The role and position a species has in its environment, including all interactions with the biotic and abiotic factors of its environment
27
Mutualism
An interaction between organisms of two species from which both derive benefit
28
Commensalism
An interaction of two species from which one benefits but the other is not affected
29
Global warming
The increase of average global temperature, in excess of the greenhouse effect caused by the atmosphere's historical concentration of carbon dioxide
30
Carbon footprint
The equivalent amount of carbon dioxide generated by an individual, a product or a service in a year
31
Nitrification
The addition of nitrogen to the soil, most commonly as nitrate NO2- and nitrate NO3- ions.
32
Nitrogen fixation
The reduction of nitrogen atoms in nitrogen molecules to ammonium ions by prokaryotic organisms
33
Eutrophication
The artificial enrichment of aquatic habitats by excess nutrients, often caused by run-off of fertilisers