Chapter 11- Inhertiance

Question 1

Gene

Answer 1

A sequence of DNA that codes for a polypeptide and which occupies a specific locus on a chromosome

Question 2

Allele

Answer 2

A variant nucleotide sequence for a particular gene at a given locus, which codes for an altered phenotype

Question 3

Test Cross, Back Cross

Answer 3

Cross between an individual with the phenotype of the dominant characteristic, but unknown genotype with an individual that is homozygous recessive for the gene in question

Question 4

Linked

Answer 4

Description of genes that are on the same chromosome and therefore do not segregate independently at meiosis

Question 5

Carrier

Answer 5

A phenotypically normal female with one normal, dominant allele and one mutant, recessive allele.

Question 6

Sex linkage

Answer 6

A gene is carried by a sex chromosome so that a characteristic encodes is seen predominantly in one sex

Question 7

Non-disjunction

Answer 7

A faulty cell division in meiosis following which one of the daughter cells receives two copies of a chromosome and the other receives none

Question 8

Polyploidy

Answer 8

Having more than two complete sets of chromosomes

Question 9

Oncogene

Answer 9

A proto-oncogene with a mutation that results in cancer

Question 10

Epigenetics

Answer 10

The control of gene expression by modifying DNA or histones but not by effecting the DNA nucleotide sequence