Chapter 5 plasma membrane Flashcards
Define all of the many functions of plasma membrane
CRPT
compartment
Regulates passage of materials
Participates in chemical reactions
Transmit signals between cell interor and the environment
What does it mean for the plasma membrane be selectively permeable
Materials are able to freely enter or leave cell
While some other materials cannot
What is the plasma membrane made up of
Phospholipids, Carbohydrates, and Proteins
Explain the Fluid Mosaic Model
Coined up from signer and Nicholson which describes the fluid structure of the phospholipid bilayer where each membrane is isolated from each other
Describe the Structure of Phospholipids
Made up of a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic fatty acid tails. Then a saturated and a unsaturated tail
What is a Integral membrane protein
Extend into the tails section
Peripheral membrane proteins
Stuck to the head on one side
What are example of some membrane proteins
Lipoproteins -> Covalent bond holding protein and lipid
Glycoproteins -> covalent bond holding protein and oligosaccharide
What are some membrane proteins and their functions SETRS
Structural - cell uses this to connect to something
Enzyme - Catalyzes reactions when needed
Transport - Channels or pumps transport ions
Receptor - Receive information and bring inside
Signal - Activate a patway that passes signals into cell
What does membrane transport refer to
Passive - requires no energy
Active - requires energy or ATP
With more detail explain Selective permeability
Small molecules that are non polar pass through with ease
Larger and polar molecules cannot
Proteins such as transport allow larger and polar to cross
What is Passive transport
A passive transport is a diffusion when a substance moves down its concentration gradient
Explain Diffusion
The energy releasing process of the spreading of any atoms from higher to lower concentration
Explain the three processess that affect diffusion that were talked about in the slides
Temperature
Concentration gradient difference
Size
What are the terms we use to describe diffusion
Hyper tonic
Hypo tonic
Iso tonic
What is Dialysis and Osmosis
Dialysis refers to the solute diffusion across a membrane
and
Osmosis refers to the solvent diffusion across a membrane
What direction does osmosis diffuse
Osmosis always moves toward the higher solute concentration
What is osmotic pressure
The physical pressure to stop water flow
What is Tonicity
Refers to the volume of a cell in relation to how a solution can affect it by osmosis
What is Iso, Hypo and Hyper
Iso is the solute concentration is equal
Hypotonic is the solute concertation is less on the side you are talking about
Hypertonic on the side you are talking about is more
Explain Passive Transport
No energy required
Energy releasing
Dialysis, and osmosis
Some substances require proteins to help cross the membrane this is called facilitated diffusion
Explain Active Transport
Energy required and is not diffusion
Energy inducing
Explains Carrier proteins
And Explain Saturation
Carrier proteins are specific to substances and change shape of molecule
Rate of Transport Limited by number of transporters
What are the types of active transport introduced in the slides
Primary where ATP provides energy
Secondary where electrochemical gradient provides energy
Bulk Transport molecules transported through vesicles
How do Electrochemical Gradients arise?
From the chemical and electrical gradients
What are three types of carrier proteins
Uniporter carries on molecule
Symporter carries two different molecules in same direction
Antiporter two different molecules
Another type of Active transport is Bulk Transport explain the two types
Endocytosis the taking in of molecules
Exocytosis the releasing of molecules (Hormones, Waste)
What are the three type of Endocytosis
Phago food molecule
Pino Watery fluid
Receptor mediated Endocytosis - Cells receptors bind with a specific set of ligands
