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Patient Care > Chapter 5 Patient Care > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Patient Care Flashcards

1
Q

What types of infections are increasing in development due to the increased resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics?

A

Hospital-acquired (nosocomial) infections

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2
Q

What is the most common site of hospital-acquired infection to develop?

A

Urinary tract

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3
Q

What is the most successful method of infection control?

A

Handwashing

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4
Q

What were Standard precautions formerly known as?

A

Universal Precautions

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5
Q

What practice is based on the assumption that all patients are potential sources of infectious disease?

A

Standard Precautions

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6
Q

What is the institution that inspects work sites and protects employees and students from work-related injuries and illnesses?

A

OSHA

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7
Q

When are clean exam gloves to be worn by a radiographer?

A

Anytime the radiographer may be in contact with patient’s blood or body fluids

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8
Q

In what manner are all used needles and syringes treated?

A

Never recap a needle!

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9
Q

What precaution is acceptable to protect others in the area should a patient be coughing and sneezing in a waiting area?

A

Ask them to refrain from this near the others in the area

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10
Q

What personal protection is required to enter a strict isolation unit with a portable machine?

A

Cassette covers, cap, gown, and at least 2 pairs of clean exam gloves

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11
Q

What is the responsibility of a radiographer receiving a needle stick injury?

A

To repeat the injury and to receive treatment

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12
Q

Before entering a strict isolation room for an imaging procedure, what are some items the radiographer should prepare?

A

Extra gloves

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13
Q

A vascular access device may be the potential cause of what type of infection?

A

Nosocomial

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14
Q

What type of bacteria are Staphylococci as it relates to the body as a potential source of disease?

A

Normal flora

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15
Q

What causes influenza?

A

Viruses

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16
Q

What causes hepatitis A?

A

Viruses

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17
Q

What causes tuberculosis, streptococcal infections, Salmonella poisoning, gonorrhea, syphilis, staphylococci, bacilli, and tetanus?

A

Bacteria

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18
Q

What causes malaria and giardiasis?

A

Bacteria

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19
Q

What causes coccidioidomycosis and thrush?

A

Yeast

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20
Q

What precautions must a health care worker who has cold symptoms take before entering the newborn nursery?

A

The worker is not allowed in the area!

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21
Q

The removal by mechanical and chemical processes of pathogenic microorganisms, but frequently not their spores is known as what?

A

Disinfection

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22
Q

What is the method of pathogen spread when a person is coughing or sneezing?

A

Droplet

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23
Q

What method of disposal is used for discarded and disposable items after completing a radiographic procedure in a strict isolation area?

A

Discard items in biohazard bags

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24
Q

What is the establishment and growth of microorganisms on or in a host?

A

Infection

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25
Q

What is the means of disease transmission when an animal or insect spreads pathogens?

A

Vector

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26
Q

What type of container is used for the disposal of needles, syringes, and other sharp items?

A

Puncture-resistant containers

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27
Q

What means of disease transmission is kissing?

A

Direct contact

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28
Q

What type precaution is necessary for droplet transmission?

A

Mask

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29
Q

What types of precautions are used for a communicable disease?

A

Transmission-based precautions

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30
Q

What type of transmission involves the spread of disease through contaminated water or food?

A

Vehicle

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31
Q

What is the term for any disease producing microorganism?

A

Pathogen

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32
Q

What is the practice used to retard the growth of pathogenic bacteria?

A

Antiseptic

33
Q

An infectious agent and a reservoir of available organisms, an environment in which the pathogenic microbes can live and multiply a portal of exit from the reservoir, a means of transmission, and a portal of entry into a new host are all elements needed for the ___ of infection.

A

Transmission

34
Q

Are hand lotions an acceptable skin care regiment in a health care environment?

A

yes

35
Q

___ contact occurs when a susceptible person actually touches and infected or colonized person’s body surface in an area where infectious microbes are present, such as bodily fluids.

A

Direct

36
Q

___ contact occurs when a susceptible person touches or comes into contact with an object that has been contaminated with infectious microorganisms, such as fomites and vectors.

A

Indirect

37
Q

What is the type of isolation that protects an immune deficient patient having such conditions as tuberculosis, burns, and leukemia?

A

Protective (reverse) isolation

38
Q

Should contaminated areas be cleaned from the most contaminated to the least or the least to the most?

A

Least to most

39
Q

Should contaminated areas be cleaned from the bottom up or the top down?

A

Top down

40
Q

What are Clorox and Lysol examples of?

A

Disinfectants

41
Q

Are gloves generally indicated when caring for those with droplet precautions?

A

yes

42
Q

Are masks generally indicated when caring for those with MRSA precautions?

A

yes

43
Q

Are masks generally indicated when caring for those with airborne precautions?

A

yes

44
Q

Is isolation in negative pressure rooms generally indicated for MRSA patients?

A

no

45
Q

What personal protection items are required when entering an area with contact isolation?

A

Gown and gloves

46
Q

An angiogram is an invasive radiographic procedure requiring the introduction of contrast media via puncture and/or cutting into the skin and the vascular system. The splattering of blood and body fluids may occur. What type of protection should be in place for eye care?

A

Goggles or other special protective eyewear

47
Q

Biopsies and procedures where blood and body fluids are likely to splatter require what type of protective eye care?

A

Goggles or other special protective eyewear

48
Q

A common radiographic procedure involving the ingestion of barium or other contrast media is the upper gastrointestinal exam. What type of protective eye care is necessary for this type of noninvasive exam?

A

None usually

49
Q

During portable radiographic exams in a strict isolation area, one team member is considered the clean person and one is considered the “dirty” or contaminated person. In this type of relationship which one makes the exposure?

A

Clean person

50
Q

What should occur if a health care worker has cracks or abrasions of the skin?

A

These should be properly cared for and kept covered

51
Q

The stages of infection are the incubation stage, the prodromal stage, the full disease stage, and the convalescent stage. Which stage is when the disease reaches its fullest extent?

A

Full disease stage

52
Q

The stages of infection are the incubation stage, the prodromal stage, the full disease stage, and the convalescent stage. Which stage is when the disease enters the body and may lie dormant for a short period and then begin to multiply?

A

Incubation stage

53
Q

The stages of infection are the incubation stage, the prodromal stage, the full disease stage, and the convalescent stage. Which stage is when the disease begins to disappear?

A

Convalescent stage

54
Q

The stages of infection are the incubation stage, the prodromal stage, the full disease stage, and the convalescent stage. Which stage is when the disease has the most specific symptoms?

A

Prodromal stage

55
Q

When should the pillowcase on the radiographic table be changed?

A

After each use (do not just flip the pillow over)

56
Q

What is the reduction of microorganisms in the immediate environment?

A

Medical asepsis

57
Q

What should be done with cassettes after they are used for an isolation patient?

A

Disinfected before returning them to storage/use

58
Q

What is an infection caused by physician intervention?

A

Iatrogenic infection

59
Q

Is tuberculosis transmitted through blood infection?

A

no

60
Q

What are the general classifications for yeasts and molds?

A

Fungi

61
Q

What is considered to be the most effective medical aseptic technique?

A

Handwashing

62
Q

What is the cause of the common cold?

A

Virus

63
Q

What response do white blood cells have to an invasion of the body by pathogens?

A

Increase

64
Q

What is an item to which microorganisms cling?

A

Fomite

65
Q

Mr. X received care from a radiographer who had respirtaory infection. Days after leaving hospital, he gets ill. what kind of infection is this?

A

nosocomial infection

66
Q

Mrs. Mary was in an accident and is on broad-spectrum antibiotics and now has severe diarrhea and shows C. difficile. This is:

A

Community-aquired infection

67
Q

First line of defense against infection:

A

hair, skin, acidic condition of the stomach

68
Q

Aquired immunity

A

results from active production or receipt of antibodies

69
Q

active aquired immunity

A

antibodies actually produced w/in a person’s body; usually long-term immunity

70
Q

passive aquired immunity

A

antibodies are received from another person or an animal; usually short-term immunity

71
Q

natural active acquired immunity

A

antibodies acquired by actually having anactual disease; reinfection may be short or long-term

72
Q

Artificial active acquired immunity

A

antibodies formed by vaccination that enable one to form antibodies against that particular pathogen

73
Q

natural acquired immunity

A

antibodies present in a mother’s blood or colostrum are passed to infant

74
Q

artificail passive acquired immunity

A

antibodies are transferred from an immune individual to a susceptible individualto give temporary immunity - usually by adminstering hyperimmune serum from blood fo many immune people

75
Q

incubation stage

A

pathogen enters the body and may lie dormant for a time then begins to produce nonspecific symptoms of disease

76
Q

prodromal stage

A

more specific symptoms of the disease show, disease becomes highly infectious

77
Q

full disease stage

A

disease reaches its fullest extent or in some cases, produces only vague sub-clinical symptoms, still highly infectious

78
Q

convalescent stage

A

symptoms diminish and eventually disappear; some disappear, some go into latent stage

79
Q

which infectious diseases go latent?

A

malaria
tb
herpes

Patient Care (7 decks)

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