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Patient Care > chapter 15, 16 > Flashcards

chapter 15, 16 Flashcards

1
Q

What element is in contrast media used in radiology that is injected intravenously?

A

Iodine

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2
Q

When comparing hypodermic needle lumen sizes, which is smallest 19 or 21 gauge?

A

21; the larger the numbers the smaller the lumen

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3
Q

What is the technologist’s response to swelling around an IV site in addition to calling for a nurse?

A

Clamp off the IV and apply warm compress to the site

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4
Q

What is administration of a drug by penetrating the skin?

A

Parenterally

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5
Q

How far above the vein should the solution for an IV infusion be kept?

A

18 to 20 inches

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6
Q

What is the preferred site for an IV?

A

The arm

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7
Q

What is the usual flow rate for an adult’s IV?

A

20 drops per minute

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8
Q

What is it called when solution is leaking into the tissues?

A

Infiltration

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9
Q

What is the proper means of disposal for contaminated needles?

A

The uncapped needle is placed in a red sharps container

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10
Q

Is nitroglycerin a vasodilator or vasoconstrictor?

A

Vasodilator

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11
Q

Where is the basilic vein located that is commonly used as the injection site for intravenous urography (IVU) or intravenous pyelography (IVP) studies?

A

Antecubital space

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12
Q

In what group of drugs is penicillin found?

A

Antibiotics

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13
Q

In what group of drugs is Dilantin found?

A

Antiepileptics

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14
Q

In what group of drugs is epinephrine found?

A

Bronchodilators

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15
Q

In what group of drugs is heparin found?

A

Anticoagulants

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16
Q

What are common sites for intramuscular injections?

A

Upper arm or buttocks

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17
Q

In what group of drugs is Demerol found?

A

Analgesics

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18
Q

What is the most common use for Benadryl?

A

Allergies

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19
Q

What is the most common use for Aminophylline?

A

Asthma

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20
Q

What is the most common use for Digoxin?

A

Heart failure

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21
Q

What route of administration is chosen when a very rapid response is desired?

A

IV

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22
Q

How is nitroglycerin administered?

A

Sublingually

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23
Q

What does a sublingual administration refer to?

A

Under the tongue

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24
Q

In what group of drugs is Benadryl found?

A

Antihistamines

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25
Q

What does synonymous mean?

A

The same

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26
Q

What other drug is the same as epinephrine?

A

Adrenaline

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27
Q

What does the abbreviation IM stand for?

A

Intramuscular method of administering a drug

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28
Q

What is the diameter of a needle called?

A

Gauge

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29
Q

What is one of the primary steps to take before administering drugs by IV?

A

Check patient identification

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30
Q

A tourniquet is used during intravenous injections. When should the tourniquet be removed?

A

After needle insertion but before injection

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31
Q

When practicing standard precautions, how should any contact with blood or body fluids be considered?

A

Any exposure has the potential of being infectious

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32
Q

What is the escape of fluid from a vessel into the surrounding tissue?

A

Extravasation

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33
Q

What is an injection of a large amount of a pharmaceutical preparation?

A

Bolus

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34
Q

What is generally considered to be a low flow rate for a drip IV infusion?

A

10 to 20 drops/minute

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35
Q

What is the appearance of a negative contrast agent on a finished radiographic image?

A

A greater density than the surrounding tissue

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36
Q

What type of positive contrast agent does not dissolve into charged particles?

A

Non-ionic water-soluble iodinated contrast media

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37
Q

What does a high osmolality for water soluble iodinated contrast media mean in terms of adverse reactions?

A

It has more particles in solution and increased adverse reactions

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38
Q

What is considered to be the reason allergic reactions to water soluble iodinated contrast media occur?

A

The release of histamine by the cells of the body

39
Q

What is the term for the number of particles in solution per kilogram of water?

A

Osmolality

40
Q

What must be included on the chart about drugs administered?

A

Time of day, drug name, dose, and route of administration

41
Q

What are common reactions to contrast media that generally do not require any treatment?

A 
Altered or metallic taste,
 nausea and vomiting, 
feeling of flushing or warmth, 
headache, 
pain at injection site
42
Q

What are some methods used to help make veins more prominent when they are difficult to locate?

A

Allow the arm to hang, apply hot packs, pat or rub the area

43
Q

What are some of the more common patient factors to be considered before administering contrast media?

A

The history or presence of renal disease, presence of hypertension, age

44
Q

What is the greatest disadvantage of oil based iodinated contrast media?

A

It is not water soluble so the body does not absorb it

45
Q

What types of drugs may radiographers administer?

A

Intravenous contrast media (agents) such as for IVPs or barium sulfate (ba) for GI studies

46
Q

What is the degree of angle for administering IM injections?

A

90 degrees

47
Q

What does the abbreviation stat mean?

A

At once (immediately)

48
Q

What does the abbreviation hs mean?

A

At bedtime

49
Q

What does the abbreviation prn mean?

A

As necessary

50
Q

What does the abbreviation qd mean?

A

Every day

51
Q

How many times should the label of a drug be read before it is administered?

A

3 times

52
Q

What assessments must the radiographer make for the site of an intravenous infusion while it is in place?

A

Coldness and swelling

53
Q

How many times must the site for venipuncture be cleansed with an antiseptic solution?

A

3 times

54
Q

Which groups of patients will have special needs for drug administration

A

elderly, infants and children

55
Q

What are the primary parenteral routes of drug administration?

A

Subcutaneous, intramuscular, intradermal, intravenous

56
Q

What are the topical routes of drug administration?

A

Skin for local treatment of lesions or skin conditions; to the eyes, nose, and throat; to respiratory mucosa by inhalation; to the vagina and rectum; and applied to the skin for systemic effect

57
Q

What is are enteral routes of drug administration?

A

Oral,
sublingual,
buccal,
rectal

58
Q

Who is allowed to prescribe medications?

A

Licensed physicians, dentists, podiatrists

59
Q

What are the five rights of drug administration?

A 
PDART-
The right patient (P), 
the right drug (D), 
the right amount or dose (A),
 the right route (R), 
the right time (T)
60
Q

What is hypotension?

A

Low blood pressure

61
Q

What is dyspnea?

A

Shortness of breath (SOB)

62
Q

When an emergency arises, what is the role of the radiographer regarding emergency drugs?

A

To know the location of the emergency cart and how to access it

63
Q

While a radiographer may never have to mix two drugs into the same syringe s/he must remember to consult _____ before doing so, should the need ever arise.

A

Drug compatibility chart

64
Q

What happens with many drugs that when combined with another drug can become inactivated or form a toxic compound or when two drugs are combined they increase the effect of each drug when given alone? An example of this is when a dose of heparin given with alcohol increases bleeding.

A

An additive reaction

65
Q

After administration of iodinated contrast media, how are itching and difficulty breathing classified?

A

Adverse reactions

66
Q

What determines the rate and extent of distribution of a drug to its intended site of action after it is absorbed into the body?

A

Adequate blood circulation

67
Q

What are the actions of a drug on living tissues in the body?

A

Pharmacokinetics

68
Q

What is the drug name given to the drug before its official approval for use?

A

Generic name

69
Q

What is the drug name that presents the exact chemical formula of a drug and always remains the same?

A

Chemical name

70
Q

What is the drug name assigned to a drug by a particular manufacturer of the drug?

A

Proprietary or trade name

71
Q

Which drugs bear the legend “Caution: Federal law prohibits dispensing without prescription?”

A

Those administered parenterally

72
Q

What must the professional administering drugs know about the drug?

A

Potential side effects and adverse reactions to the drug

73
Q

What is a venous device used for intravenous injections at frequent or regular intervals?

A

Heparin lock

74
Q

What vasopressor drug is generally used for cardiac arrest or anaphylactic reactions?

A

Epinephrine

75
Q

What drug is generally used to treat dysrhythmias?

A

Lidocaine

76
Q

What is the diameter of a needle’s lumen called?

A

bore/gauge

77
Q

How does the gauge relate to the diameter of the needle?

A

The greater the gauge, the smaller the diameter

78
Q

What are primary advantages of using non ionic water soluble contrast media?

A

Low toxicity and fewer adverse reactions

79
Q

What is a primary disadvantage to using non ionic water soluble contrast media?

A

High cost

80
Q

What is a quantity of medication introduced over a period of time?

A

An infusion

81
Q

What is considered a normal range for blood urea nitrogen (BUN)?

A

8 to 25 mg/100 ml

82
Q

What is used to relieve pain from angina pectoris?

A

Nitroglycerin

83
Q

What is a severe constricting pain or sensation in the chest that may radiate to shoulder or arm that is related to coronary artery disease?

A

Angina pectoris (angina)

84
Q

What is the state of being What is the radiographic study that is still performed and oil based iodinated contrast is still usedthick, sticky, and semifluid in consistency?

A

Viscosity

85
Q

What is the usual needle angle recommended for intravenous injections?

A

15 degrees

86
Q

How is the best venipuncture site chosen?

A

The most distal site in which the desired size needle can be used and the amount to be administered

87
Q

What is the abbreviation for prescription?

A

Rx

88
Q

After administration of contrast media how should the needle and syringe be discarded?

A

Do not bend or break the needle before discarding the syringe, do not remove the needle from a disposable syringe, and do not recap the needle

89
Q

How should an IV for contrast media administration be discontinued?

A

Place gauze over injection site; quickly, smoothly, and gently remove the cannula from the vein, elevate extremity and apply pressure until all bleeding stops

90
Q

What is the radiographic study that is still performed and oil based iodinated contrast is still used

A

Sialograms

91
Q

what does ionic mean?

A

meaning they come apart in the bloodstream and fuse with other things

92
Q

Nonionic =

A

they do not dissociate

93
Q

Most common oil based exams?

A

Female reproduction
Salivary glands
Dripped into Respiratory tract

Patient Care (7 decks)

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