Chapter 5 Part 4 Flashcards

(27 cards)

1
Q

Why is the auditory sense important?

A

plays a crucial role in detecting danger and social communication

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2
Q

What does the auditory system do?

A

designed to convert sound waves and vibrations of the air into neural impulses

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3
Q

What makes sound waves unique?

A

sound waves have two distinct qualities that help make out the sound

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4
Q

Frequency

A

the measurement of the number of sound waves completed in a certain amount of time

Measured in Hertz (represents cycles per second)

Measures the pitch of a sound

Humans can hear sounds up to 2,000-5,000 Hz

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5
Q

Amplitude

A

the measurement of the strength of a cycle

Higher peaks and lower bottoms represent a higher amplitude

Responsible for measuring the loudness of a sound

Loudness of a sound is measured in decibels (dB)

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6
Q

Absolute Pitch

A

refers to the ability of recognizing an individual note without any distractions
1 to 10,000 people in Western Countries have absolute pitch

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7
Q

Tone Deaf

A

unable to recognize the difference in pitch

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8
Q

How do our ears respond to loud sounds?

A

contracting the muscles around the ear’s opening to allow less sound waves to enter

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9
Q

Cocktail Party Effect

A

allows you to filter out which sounds are not important to you

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10
Q

What are the four ways to localize sounds?

A

General Loudness, Loudness in each ear, Timing, Adjusting your head and body

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11
Q

General Loudness

A

Using the loudness of a sound to assess the distance between yourself and the sound

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12
Q

Loudness in each ear

A

The ear closer to the sound hears a louder noise than the ear further away from the sound

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13
Q

Timing

A

Assessing the time in which the sound wave hits a ear

The sound wave reaches the other ear at a different time in its cycle creating a phase difference

Helpful for assessing low-frequency noises

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14
Q

Adjusting your head and body

A

Assesses how the sound changes due to movement of head and body and allows you to approximate the distance of the sound

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15
Q

What are the two types of hearing loss?

A

Conduction and nerve deafness

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16
Q

Nerve Deafnesss

A

Results from damage or malfunctioning in the auditory nerve of the brain

17
Q

Tinnitus

A

Ringing of the ear

Happens to 1 every 200 people

Various causes including abnormalities in the auditory system

18
Q

Frequency Theory

A

Different sound frequencies are converted into different rates of action potential

19
Q

Place theory

A

Difference in sound frequency that activate different regions of the basilar membrane

20
Q

Basilar Membrane

A

a part of your inner ear that helps you hear. It’s like a tiny, flexible ruler that sorts out sound waves!

21
Q

First Step of Hearing

A

Sound waves enter ear and deflect tympanic membrane (ear drum)

22
Q

Second Step of Hearing

A

Vibrations of the tympanic membrane strike the ossicles (maleus, incus, and stapes). Stapes hits oval window

23
Q

Third Step of Hearing

A

Vibrations of the oval window create waves in the cochlea fluid, which deflect the basilar membrane that sorts out the sound waves

24
Q

Fourth Step of Hearing

A

The hair cells communicate with auditory nerve, which sends neural impulses to the brain

25
Fifth Step of hearing
Signal travels to the brainstem, thalamus, and auditory cortex
26
Sixth step of hearing
Signals travel to auditory association areas in the cortex
27
Conduction Deafness
An obstacle (wax buildup, ear drum damage) that blocks the ears from processing sound waves