Chapter 5 Part 3

Question 1

Tactile

Answer 1

Meaning touch

Question 2

First step of touch

Answer 2

Tactile receptors respond to touch and pressure and send information to the spinal cord

Question 2

Second step of touch

Answer 2

The information is relayed to the thalamus

Question 3

What types of tactile stimuli exist?

Answer 3

Rewarding and bad tactile stimuli
Like stroking a baby’s cheek

Question 4

Ruffini’s End Organs

Answer 4

a type of sensory receptor that responds to heavy pressure and movement of joints

Question 5

Merkel’s discs

Answer 5

Understand information of light to moderate pressure on the skin

Question 6

Free Nerve Endings

Answer 6

Located on the surface of the skin
Primary function is to detect touch, pain, pressure, and temperature

Question 7

Meisnner’s Corpuscles

Answer 7

Understand the information from sensitive touch in hairless regions of the body

Question 8

Pacinian Corpuscles

Answer 8

located deep in the skin that responds to vibration and heavy pressure

Question 9

Which area has more free nerve endings?

Answer 9

Areas of the skin that are more sensitive

Question 10

What happens if you are touched or being touched?

Answer 10

The free nerve endings send tactile information to the spinal cord

Then the spinal cord sends the information to the brain

Next it goes to the thalamus, and finally sent to the soma sensory cortex located in the parietal lobe

Question 11

How are painful sensations sent?

Answer 11

Through free nerve endings to the brain

Question 12

How can pain information travel to the brain?

Answer 12

Two different systems

Question 13

Fast Pathway

Answer 13

uses myelinated axons to transmit information quicker

Assists with using our reflexes after experiencing immediate pain

Question 14

Slow Pathway

Answer 14

uses more unmyelinated axons to transmit information about processing emotions

Question 15

Gate Control Theory of Pain

Answer 15

Created by Canadians, Ronald Melzack and Patrick Wall

Suggested that certain neural activity create a gate to block pain signals from being sent to certain parts of the brain

Question 16

What do earlier versions of the Gate Control Theory suggest?

Answer 16

Suggested that pain signals were blocked from being sent to the spinal cord

Later studies show that individuals have differences in blocking out pain signals depending on their sensitivity to pain

Touching the affected area can automatically create a gate that can relieve the pain

Question 17

What is the most common tactile sense disorder?

Answer 17

Chronic Pain or pain that lasts longer than 3 months
Results from abnormal adaptation in the somatosensory cortex

Question 18

Which two chemicals have pain-relieving properties?

Answer 18

Endorphins and Enkephalins

Belong to a class of molecules called opiates

Opiates are released by neurons after an intense physical activity, stress, and sexual experience

Question 19

Why is pain sensation important?

Answer 19

critical for physical survival

You would not be able to relieve the pressure on your skin, which can develop sores and bruises.

Question 20

No pain (familial dysutonomia)

Answer 20

rare genetic condition associated with an inability to detect pain or temperature and produce tears

Question 21

Phantom Limb Sensations

Answer 21

Tactile hallucinations of touch, pressure, vibration, and pain in the body part that no longer exists

Question 22

Third Step of Touch

Answer 22

The thalamus sends the information to the somatosensory cortex