Chapter 5 page 11

Question 1

*Congenital transmission is an EXAMPLE OF

Answer 1

Vertical transmission

Question 2

Invertebrates:

Answer 2

Trans-ovarial transmission- infection acquired through infection.

Question 3

Mammals:

Answer 3

‘Trans-placental transmission’ through birth canal.

Question 4

Protozoan Neospora caninum

Answer 4

can cause abortion epidemics in cattle.

Question 5

Most common protozoan with congenital infection was

Answer 5

Toxoplasma gondii
Leishmania donovani
Trypanosoma cruzi.

Question 6

Toxoplasma gondii been detected by

Answer 6

PCR and bioassay in the semen

Question 7

Many human and veterinary medicine relevant

Answer 7

b/c several diseases are transmitted by ticks (through passing the mother to the offspring) (Babesia bovis)

Question 8

Autoinfection:

Answer 8

occurs when a parasite infective stages colonise the same individual host as their parents.

Question 9

Autoinfection examples

Answer 9

• Intestinal helminths Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)
• Female worm emerges from host’s body during the night, lay its eggs on the skin around the anal area.
• Pinworm are found in children b/c of lack of hand hygiene.

Question 10

Nosocomial transmission:

Answer 10

acquired in hospital (unhealthy places that contain a lot of sick people and confined space).

Question 11

Nosocomial transmission: examples

Answer 11

• Dangerous infectious diseases from hospitals ( MRSA methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus)
• Ectoparasites; transmission from lice or mice
• Switzerland: nosocomial transmission of scabies (Sarcoptes scabiei)

Question 12

Blood transfusions or organ transplants:

Answer 12

potential source of transmission for parasitic infection such as malaria, leishmaniasis, and Chagas disease

Question 13

Active parasite transmission:

Answer 13

species of parasites that are free-living infective stage that actively search for and invade host.

Question 14

Paratenic hosts:

Answer 14

are not essential for transmission but they improve the chances of it taking places.

Question 15

Ancylostoma species:

Answer 15

sometime invade rodents and unable to complete their development.

Question 16

Intermediate hosts:

Answer 16

parasites immature (nonsexual) stages occur. 
Absence of a suitable intermediate host can prevent a parasite from spreading.

Question 17

Parasites uses another animal (called a vector) to transmit them between host.**

Answer 17

Contaminative transmission and the transporting is referred to as a mechanical vector or mechanical transmission host**.

Question 18

Mechanical vectors

Answer 18

usually carried upon its outer body surface or passes through its guts.

Question 19

Neutrophils are the most numerous of the

Answer 19

mononuclear phagocytes and are found within both the circulating blood and the tissues.

Question 20

Leishmania may be ingested by macrophages while they

Answer 20

are still inside neutrophils or after being released.

Question 21

Neutrophils are involved in the first stages of infection

Answer 21

( parasite within macrophage)