Chapter 5 - NS #2

Question 1

Epithelial Tissue

Answer 1

Classified according to cell shape and number of cell layers
-squamous
-Columnar
-Cuboidal
-Simple= 1 layer
-Stratified= 2+ layers

Question 2

Free Surface

Answer 2

One that is exposed to the outside or to open space internally
-Modifications to this can affect the function

Question 3

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Answer 3

*Flat and irregular - very thin single layer
-fit together like floor tiles
*Highly adapted for diffusion (gas exchange) and filtration (Pressure)
*Found in body parts with little wear and tear
*Line air sacs, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels

Question 4

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Answer 4

*Cube/ square shaped
*In secretory glands, tubules of kidneys and covering ovaries
-tubular secretion and absorption

Question 5

Simple Columnar Epithelium

Answer 5

*Single layer of elongated cells
*Nonciliated
Ciliated

Question 6

Nonciliated

Answer 6

Have microvilli and goblet cells
-lines the digestive tract
-thick due to elongated cells for protection
-Goblet Cells- mucus secretions in the lining of the digestive tract
-Microvilli- increases the amount of food absorbed into the cell

Question 7

Ciliated

Answer 7

Mixed with goblet cells
-cilia extended from the free surface
-aid in movement
-found in respiratory tract and female reproductive organs

Question 8

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Answer 8

*many cell layers with flattened cells on the free surface
*deeper layers can be cuboidal or columnar
*as cells divide and push them outward, this causes cells to flatten
*line oral cavity, esophagus, vagina, anal canal, and skin
*some form a tough protein called keratin
-waterproof
-repels bacteria
-the outer layer of the skin

Question 9

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

Answer 9

*line ducts of mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands, and the pancreas
*protective function

Question 10

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

Answer 10

*line part of male urethra and part of pharynx
*superficial cells columnar, deep cells cuboidal

Question 11

Transitional Epithelium

Answer 11

*many cell layers, cube-shaped and elongated cells
*changes in response to stretching
*line urinary bladder, ureters, and part of the urethra
*prevents rupture of these organs

Question 12

Glandular Epithelium

Answer 12

*composed of cells that are specialized to produce and secrete substances into ducts or body fluids
*one or more of these cells constitutes a gland
-usually cuboidal or columnar cells
-endocrine gland
-exocrine gland

Question 13

Endocrine Gland

Answer 13

Secrete products into tissue fluid or blood; ductless

Question 14

Exocrine Gland

Answer 14

Secrete products into ducts that open onto surfaces (skin, digestive lining)

Question 15

Types of Glandular Secretions

Answer 15

Classified by how they secrete their product
*Merocrine glands= release fluid products (salivary, sweat, pancreas)
*Apocrine glands=lose part of their cell body during secretion (mammary, ceruminous)
*Holocrine glands= entire cell is released and disintegrates (oil in skin)

Question 16

Types of Epithelial Membranes

Answer 16

*Serious Membranes
*Mucus Membranes
*Cutaneous Membrane
*Synovial Membrane

Question 17

Serious Membranes

Answer 17

*line body cavities that do not open to the outside and reduce friction
*inner thorax and abdomen cavities
*secrete serous fluid for lubrication

Question 18

Mucus Membranes

Answer 18

*line tubes and organs that open to the outside world
*digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive systems
*mucus is secreted by goblet cells

Question 19

Cutaneous Membrane

Answer 19

*covers body
*skin

Question 20

Mucus Membranes

Answer 20

*line tubes and organs that open to the outside world
*digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive systems
*mucus is secreted by goblet cells

Question 21

Synovial Membrane

Answer 21

*membrane composed entirely of connective tissue
*lines joints