chapter 5 NS

Question 1

Neurons/ Nerve cells-

Answer 1

send electrochemical impulses in response to stimuli received and to effect an action as a
result of stimuli- send and receive signals from the brain

Question 2

neuroglia

Answer 2

Support and protect the neuerons

Question 3

soma

Answer 3

cell body w/ a large nucleus

Question 4

Axon

Answer 4

a long slender projection that conducts electrical impulses (action potential) away from the cell body.

Question 5

Axon is surrounded by ________ froming the ______.

Answer 5

Schwann Cells
Myelin sheath

Question 6

Dendrites

Answer 6

tree like structures that recieve messages from other neurons.

Question 7

Axon terminal/ nerve ending

Answer 7

contians synaptic vesicles hilding neurotransmitters.

Question 8

synapes

Answer 8

specialized junctions between nuerons

Question 9

Neurons are classified into three broad types:

Answer 9

A. Sensory
B. Motor
C. interneurons

Question 10

Sensory

Answer 10

triggered by physical (sound, touch, heat, and light) and chemical (smell and taste) inputs from your environment.
For ex, stepping on hot sand activates sensory neurons in the soles of your feet
→ neurons send a message to brain
→ makes you
aware of the heat.

Question 11

motor

Answer 11

neurons play a role in movement, including voluntary and involuntary movements. These neurons allow the brain and spinal cord
to communicate with muscles, organs, and glands all over the body.
For ex, when eating, lower motor neurons in spinal cord send signals to smooth muscles in esophagus, stomach, and
intestines
→ muscles contract
→ allows food to move through GI tract.

Question 12

Interneurons

Answer 12

are neural intermediaries found in brain and spinal cord, most common type of neuron, pass signals from sensory neurons
and other interneurons to motor neurons and other interneurons.
For ex, when you touch something hot, sensory neurons in fingertips send a signal to interneurons in spinal cord
→ interneurons
pass the signal on to motor neurons in your hand, which allows you to move your hand away. Other interneurons send a signal t o
the pain center in your brain, and you experience pain.

Question 13

Nerve glue?

Answer 13

Neuroglia or glial cells or glia

Question 14

nueroglia funsctions?

Answer 14

• Form myelin, which wraps around axons to speed up electric impulse conduction
• Provide nutrients to neurons, including oxygen
• Destroy pathogens
• Provide a general support structure on which neurons can sit

Question 15

how is information transmitted?

Answer 15

Action potential

Question 16

action potential

Answer 16

when the membrane potential changes rapidly, has 2 main parts: Depolarization → Negative to Positive
and Repolarization → Positive to Negative

Question 17

nuerons have a potential difference of

Answer 17

-70 mV

Question 18

Propagation of action potentials along myelinated axons

Answer 18

Saltory Conduction

Question 19

Here the signal jumps from one node of Ranvier to the next node, increasing the conduction velocity of action potentials

Answer 19

Saltory Conduction

Question 20

The uninsulated nodes of Ranvier are the only places along the axon where membrane depolarization and ion exchange occurs across the
axon membrane.

Answer 20

Saltory Conduction

Question 21

Biological process by which a neuron communicates with a target cell across a synapse.

Answer 21

Synaptic Transmission

Question 22

involves the release of a neurotransmitter from the pre-synaptic neuron, and
neurotransmitter binding to specific post-synaptic receptors.

Answer 22

Chemical Synaptic transmission

Question 23

involves the transfer of electrical signals through gap junctions.

Answer 23

Electrical synapse transmission

Question 24

Step 1 in Synaptic transmission ?

Answer 24

Action potential arrives at axon terminal

Question 25

Step 2 in Synaptic transmission?

Answer 25

Voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels open

Question 26

step 4 in Synaptic transmission?

Answer 26

CA2+ signals to neurotransmitter vesicles

Question 27

Step 3 in Synaptic transmission ?

Answer 27

Ca 2+ enters the presynaptic neuron

Question 28

step 5 in Synaptic transmission?

Answer 28

Vesiclces move to the membrane and dock

Question 29

step 6 in Synaptic transmission?

Answer 29

Neurotransmitters released via exocytosis

Question 30

Step 7 in Synaptic transmission?

Answer 30

Neurotransmitters bind to receptors

Question 31

Step 8 in Synaptic transmission?

Answer 31

signal initited in postsynaptic cell