chapter 10 The Respiratory System Flashcards
Tidal Volume
500 ml
Amount of Air inhaled/exhaled in one breath
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
Male - 3100 ml
Female- 1900ml
Amount of air that can be inhaled with maximum effort above tidal inspiration.
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
Male- 1200 ml
Female- 700 ml
Amount of air that can be exhaled with maximum effort above tidal exhalation
Residual Volume (RV)
Male- 1200ml
Female- 1100 ml
Amount of air left in the lungs after exhalation with maximum effort- Keeps alveoli inflated between breaths
Vital Capacity (VC)
Male - 4800 ml
Female - 3100 ml
Amount of air exhaled with maximum effort after maximum inspiration ( Vt + IRV + ERV = VC)
Inspiratory Capacity (IC)
Male - 3600ml
Female - 2400ml
Maximum amount of air inhaled after a normal exhalation ( Vt + IRV= IC)
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
Male: 2400ml
Female: 1800ml
Amount of air remaining in lungs after exhalation (RV+ERV=FRC)
Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
Male: 6000ml
Female: 4200ml
maximum amount of air that the lungs can hold (RV+VC=TLC)
Why does our body need the respiratory system?
It gives us a big area to swap gases (like oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the air and our blood.
What does the respiratory system do with air?
It moves air in and out of the lungs so we can get oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide.
How does the respiratory system protect our lungs?
It keeps the lungs safe from: dehydration, extreme temperatures, and other environmental changes.
How does the respiratory system help protect us from germs?
It defends the lungs and other parts of the body from getting attacked by harmful pathogens.
Respiratory functions?
- It helps with gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the air and blood
- moves air in and out of the lungs,
- protects the lungs from dehydration and temperature changes,
- defends against pathogens.
How does the respiratory system help regulate blood pH?
By changing the levels of carbon dioxide in the blood, which affects pH levels.
What role does the respiratory system play in communication?
It produces sounds for speaking, singing, and non-verbal communication.
How does the respiratory system contribute to our sense of smell?
It provides olfactory sensations to the brain from the olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavity.
What chemical function does the respiratory system perform?
It produces chemical mediators that help regulate various body processes.
What are the two functional zones of the respiratory system?
The Conducting Zone (carries gases) and the Respiratory Zone (where gas exchange occurs).
What muscles are involved in the respiratory system?
The Intercostal muscles and the Diaphragm.
What organs are in the Upper Respiratory Tract?
- Nose and nasal cavity
- Pharynx
- Larynx
What organs are in the Lower Respiratory Tract?
1.Trachea
2. Two bronchi
3. Bronchioles
4. Two lungs
What is the primary function of the nose and nasal cavity?
It is the primary passage for air entering the respiratory tract.
How does air enter the nose?
Air enters through the vestibule, which is the flexible tissue of the nose.
What is the role of the course hairs in the nasal vestibule?
They trap large airborne particles, preventing them from entering the nasal cavity.