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NASM Revision 2 > Chapter 5 - Nervous Skeletal and Muscular System > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Nervous Skeletal and Muscular System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the purpose of the intervertebral discs?

A

They act as shock absorbers

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2
Q

At what age is the adolescent brain considered to be fully developed?

A

25

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3
Q

Which type of joint includes the sutures of the skull?

A

Nonsynovial

Nonsynovial joints exhibit little to no movement. An example of this joint includes sutures of the skull.

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4
Q

Which of the following is the functional unit of a muscle cell?

A

Sarcomere

A sarcomere is the physical site where muscle contractions occur.

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5
Q

What is the function of the neuromuscular junction?

A

The site where the nervous system and muscle fibers communicate.

This junction is a small gap between a motor neuron and muscle cell known as a synapse.

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of a type II muscle fiber? (7)

A 
Larger in size, 
Produce more force 
Quick to fatigue 
Decreased oxygen delivery 
“Fast Twitch” 
Fewer capillaries 
Short term contractions (force/power)
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7
Q

Which system supplies neural input to organs that run the involuntary processes of the body?

A

Autonomic nervous system

The autonomic nervous system supplies neural input to organs that run the involuntary processes of the body.

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8
Q

What are the three types of muscles in the body?

A

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

The three types of muscles in the body are skeletal, cardiac, and smooth.

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9
Q

What is the bone type of the clavicle, radius, and ulna?

A

Long

The long bones of the upper body include the clavicle (collarbone), humerus (upper arm bone), radius and ulna (forearm bones), metacarpals, and phalanges (finger bones).

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10
Q

What is the process by which bone is constantly renewed?

A

Remodeling

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11
Q

Which type of muscle fiber has a large number of capillaries?

A

Type I

Because of their increased oxygen demands, type I fibers have a larger number of capillaries and are often referred to as “red fibers.”

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12
Q

Which mechanoreceptor is sensitive to changes in muscular tension and rate of that tension change, causing the muscle to relax, which prevents the muscle from excessive stress and possible injury?

A

Golgi tendon organs

Golgi tendon organs are sensitive to changes in muscular tension and the rate of that tension change. Activation of Golgi tendon organs will cause the muscle to relax, which prevents the muscle from excessive stress and possible injury.

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13
Q

Characteristics of Type I muscle fibres (7)

A 
More capillaries 
Increased oxygen delivery 
Smaller in size 
Less force produced 
Slow to fatigue 
Long term contractions (stabilisation) 
“Slow twitch”
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14
Q

Which division of the skeleton is made up of the arms, legs, and pelvic girdle?

A

Appendicular

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15
Q

Humans can learn new things at any stage of life, due to which process that causes the brain to reform neural pathways?

A

Neuroplasticity

With neuroplasticity, the brain will continually change or grow, reforming neural pathways throughout an individual’s entire life span.

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16
Q

What are the two categories of bone markings?

A

Depressions and processes

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17
Q

What is the name of the specialized cell that is the functional unit of the nervous system?

A

Neuron

18
Q

Which term describes the movement of bones, such as flexion and extension?

A

Osteokinematics

19
Q

Which joint is the most mobile, able to move in all three directions?

A

Ball and Socket

20
Q

What are the two components of the central nervous system?

A

The brain and spinal cord

21
Q

What surrounds the skeletal muscles and connects them to other surrounding muscles?

A

Fascia

22
Q

Human movement is accomplished through the functional integration of three systems within the human body: the nervous system, the skeletal system, and what other system?

A

Muscular

23
Q

What activity is especially beneficial for combating the loss of muscle mass, power, and strength for ageing adults?

A

Resistance Training

24
Q

Which type of muscle fiber is predominantly used during movements that require high levels of force and power, such as a sprint?

A

Type II

25
Q

At what age is total peak bone mass reached?

A

30

26
Q

What is the Kinetic Chain?

A

Chain of interdependent links working together to perform movement

27
Q

What is the CNS?

A

Central nervous system - Brain + Spinal Cord. Coordinate activity of all party of the body.

28
Q

What is the PNS?

A

Peripheral Nervous system - connect CNS to rest of the body

29
Q

What is the Somatic Nervous system?

A

Voluntary control movement. outer areas of the body + skeletal muscle

30
Q

Which is the Fight or Flight Nervous system?

A

Sympathetic Nervous system (adrenaline). Increase neural activity and put body in heightened state.

31
Q

What is the rest and digest Nervous system called?

A

Parasympathetic NS. decrease neural activity and put body in more relaxed state.

32
Q

What are the three functions of the Nervous System?

A

Sensory- changes in internal/external environment

Integrative- analyse/interpret

Motor- Neuromuscular response to integrated sensory info

33
Q

What is a Muscle Spindle?

A

Sensory receptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the rate of that change.

34
Q

What is a Golgi Tendon Organ?

A

Sensory receptor sensitive to change in muscular tension and rate of tension change. Activation causes the muscle to relax (prevent injury)

35
Q

What is the stretch reflex?

A

Signal from the muscle spindle causing the muscle to contract to prevent excessive lengthening.

36
Q

What are the 3 stages of motor skill development?

A
  1. Cognitive- learning new skill
  2. Associative- begin to understand skill
  3. Autonomous- master skill
37
Q

Which joints are most associated with human movement?

A

Synovial

38
Q

What is the fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone?

A

Ligament

39
Q

What change would lead to an increase in cardiac output during exercise

A

Increased heart rate

40
Q

What is it called when a ligament is overstretched or torn?

A

Sprain

41
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction

42
Q

What is explained by the sliding filament theory?

A

The shortening of a sarcomere to produce a muscle contraction

NASM Revision 2 (7 decks)

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