Chapter 5: Motivation Flashcards
What is Motivation?
The process by which a person’s efforts are
energized, directed and sustained toward
attaining a goal.
What are the four early theories of motivation?
- Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene theory
- Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory
- McGregor’s theory X and theory Y
- Three-Needs theory
What is Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene theory?
The motivation theory that intrinsic factors are related to job satisfaction and motivation, whereas extrinsic factors are associated with job dissatisfaction.
Intrinsic factors: job satisfaction
Extrinsic factors: job dissatisfaction
What is the role of a motivator in Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene theory?
Motivators are intrinsic factors that increase job satisfaction and motivation.
What is the role of hygiene factors in Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene theory?
Hygiene factors are extrinsic factors that eliminate job dissatisfaction but do not motivate.
Herzberg’s view of job dissatisfaction and job satisfaction?
Hygiene factors:
- Job dissatisfaction (Absent)
- No job dissatisfaction (Present)
Motivators:
- No job satisfaction (Absent)
- Job satisfaction (Present)
What are motivators?
- Work itself
- Achievement
- Recognition
- Growth
- Advancement
- Responsibility
(W,A,R,G,A,R)
What is Work itself (motivators)?
Work itself refers to the nature of the job/work.
What is Achievement (Motivators)?
Achievement refers to reaching and achieving targets.
What is Recognition (Motivators)?
Recognition refers to acknowledgement that management gives to employees.
What is Growth (Motivators)?
Growth refers to personal development of the staff.
What is Advancement (Motivators)?
Advancement refers to career advancement.
What is Responsibility (Motivators)?
Responsibility refers to additional responsibilities beyond their current responsibilities.
What are the hygiene factors?
- Working condition
- Company policy
- Personal life
- Relationship with supervisor
- Relationship with peers
- Relationship with subordinates
- Salary
- Status
- Security
- Supervision
What is working condition (hygiene factor)?
Working conditions refer to the working environment, the company’s premises.
What is company policy (hygiene factor)?
Company policy refers to whether the company has clear policies.
What is personal life (hygiene factor)?
Personal life refers to an employee’s personal life.
What is Relationship with supervisor (hygiene factor)?
Refers to relationship employee has with supervisor.
What is Relationship with peers (hygiene factor)?
Refers to relationship employee has with colleagues/peers/coworkers.
What is Relationship with subordinates (hygiene factor)?
Refers to relationship manager has with subordinates.
What is salary (hygiene factor)?
Salary refers to being paid the market rate for performing the job duties and responsibilities.
What is status (hygiene factor)?
Status refers to job titles.
What is security (hygiene factor)?
Security refers to job security.
What is supervision (hygiene factor)?
Supervision refers to clear instructions, clear guidelines given by the supervisor to the employee.
What are the four Contemporary theories of motivation?
- Expectancy theory
- Goal-Setting theory
- Reinforcement theory
- Equity theory
What is the Expectancy theory?
An individual tends to act in a certain way based on the expectation that the act will be followed by a given outcome and on the attractiveness of that outcome to the individual.
What is the Expectancy model?
Inidividual effort -(A)-> Individual
Performance -(B)-> Organizational
Rewards -(C)-> Individual
Goals
A) Effort-Performance linkage or Expectancy
B) Performance-Reward linkage or Instrumentality
C) Attractiveness of Reward or Valence
What is Effort-Performance linkage or Expectancy?
The probability perceived by the individual that exerting a given amount of effort will lead to a certain level of performance.
What is Performance-Reward linkage or Instrumentality?
The degree to which the individual believes/perception that performing at a particular level is instrumental in attaining the desired outcome.
What is Attractiveness of Reward or Valence?
The importance that the individual places on the potential outcome or reward that can be achieved on the job.
Valence considers both the goals and needs of the individual.
