Chapter 5 Med Terms Flashcards
1
Q
Passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream
A
Absorption
2
Q
Small building blocks of proteins, released when proteins are digested.
A
Amino acids
3
Q
Enzyme (-ase) secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands to digest starch (amyl/o).
A
Amylase
4
Q
Terminal end or opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body
A
Anus
5
Q
Blind pouch hanging from the cecum (in the right lower quadrant [RLQ]). It literally means hanging (pend/o) onto (ap-, which is a form of ad-).
A
Appendix
6
Q
Digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. It breaks up (emulsifies) large fat globules.
A
Bile
7
Q
Pigment released by the liver in bile
A
Bilirubin
8
Q
Intestine
A
Bowel
9
Q
Pointed, dog-like teeth (canine means pertaining to dog) next to the incisors. Also called cuspids or eyeteeth
A
Canine
10
Q
First part of large intestine
A
Cecum
11
Q
Portion of the large intestine consisting of the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid segments
A
Colon
12
Q
Carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum. Also called the choledochal
A
Common bile duct
13
Q
Elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus
A
Defecation
14
Q
Swallowing
A
Deglutition
15
Q
Primary material found in teeth. It is covered by the enamel in the crown and a protective layer of cementum in the root
A
Dentin
16
Q
Breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms
A
Digestion
17
Q
First part of the small intestine. Duo = 2, den = 10; the duodenum measures 12 inches long
A
Duodenum
18
Q
Removal of materials from the body; in the digestive system, the removal of indigestible materials as feces
A
Elimination
19
Q
Breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules. This increases the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat
A
Emulsification
20
Q
Hard, outermost layer of a tooth
A
Enamel
21
Q
Chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances
A
Enzyme
22
Q
Tube connecting the throat to the stomach
A
Esophagus
23
Q
Substances produced when fats are digested
A
Fatty acids
24
Q
Solid wastes; stool. Term fecal means pertaining to feces
A
Feces
25
Small sac under the liver; stores bile
Gallbladder
26
Simple sugar
Glucose
27
Starch; Glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in liver cells
Glycogen
28
Substance (strong acid) produced in the stomach; aids digestion
Hydrochloric acid
29
Third part of the small intestine from the Greek eilos, meaning twisted
Ileum
30
Any of 1-4 front teeth in the dental arch
Incisor
31
Hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas. It helps transport sugar into body cells
Insulin
32
Second part of the small intestine
Jejunum
33
Pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats
Lipase
34
Large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen. The liver secretes bile; stores sugar, iron, and vitamins; produces blood proteins; destroys worn-out red blood cells; and filters out toxins
Liver
35
Ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach. Also called cardiac sphincter
Lower esophageal sphincter
36
Chewing
Mastication
37
Three large, flat teeth at the back of the mouth, on either side of the dental arch
Molar teeth
38
Roof of the mouth
Palate
39
Lies anterior to the soft palate and is supported by the upper jawbone (maxilla
Hard palate
40
Posterior fleshy part between the mouth and the throat
Soft palate
41
Organ behind the stomach; produces insulin (for transport of sugar into cells) and enzymes (for digestion of foods)
Pancreas
42
Small projections on the tongue. Tastebuds are located here
Papillae
43
Salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear
Parotid gland
44
Rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs
Peristalsis
45
Throat, the common passageway for food from the mouth and for air from the nose
Pharynx
46
Large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines
Portal vein
47
Enzyme that digests protein
Protease
48
Soft tissue within a tooth
Pulp
49
Ring of muscle at the end of the stomach, near the duodenum
Pyloric sphincter
50
Distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum
Pylorus
51
Last section of the large intestine, connecting the end of the colon and the anus
Rectum
52
Ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach
Rugae
53
Digestive juice produced by salivary glands
Saliva
54
Parotid, subinguinal, and submandibular glands
Salivary gland
55
Lower, S-shaped segment of the colon, just before the rectum; empties into the rectum
Sphincter
56
Muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus
Stomach
57
Fat molecules composed of three parts fa y acids and one part glycerol
Triglycerides
58
Soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate
Uvula
59
Microscopic projections in the wall of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream
Villi
60
An/o
Anus
61
Append/o
Appendix
62
Bucc/o
Cheek
63
Mucous membrane lining cavities or canals that open to the outside of the body
Buccal mucosa
64
Cec/o
Cecum
65
Celi/o
Bell, abdomen
66
Damage to the lining of the small intestine, occurring as a reaction to eating gluten
Celiac
67
Cheil/o
Lip
68
Cholecyst/o
Gallbladder
69
Choledoch/o
Common bile duct
70
Col/o
Colon
71
Colon/o
Colon
72
Dent/i
Tooth
73
Duoden/o
Duodenum
74
Enter/o
Intestines (Usually small intestine
75
New opening between 2 previously unconnected parts of the small intestine
Enterostomy
76
Part of the double fold of peritoneum that stretches around the organs in place
Mesentery
77
An intravenous line brings parenteral nutrition directly into the bloodstream bypassing the intestinal tract. May be subcutaneous or intramuscular as well
Parenteral
78
Esophag/o
Esophagus
79
Faci/o
Face
80
Gastr/o
Stomach
81
Gingiv/o
Gums
82
Gloss/o
Tongue
83
Hepat/o
Liver
84
Known as hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatoma
85
Ile/o
Ileum
86
Known as ileocecal valve
Ileocecal sphincter
87
Jejun/o
Jejunum
88
Part of a gastric bypass procedure
Gastrojejunostomy
89
Labi/o
Lip
90
Lapar/o
Abdomen
91
Form of minimally invasice surgery (MIS)
Laparoscopy
92
Lingu/o
Tongue
93
Mandibul/o
Lower jaw, mandible
94
Odont/o
Tooth
95
Or/o
Mouth
96
Palat/o
Palate
97
Procedure to repair cleft palate and cleft lip; repair of a cleft palate
Palatoplasty
98
Pancreat/o
Pancreas
99
Peritone/o
Peritoneum
100
Pharyng/o
Throat
101
Used to treat cases of snoring or sleep apnea caused by obstructions in the throat or nose
Palatopharyngoplasty
102
Proct/o
Anus and rectum
103
Pylor/o
Pyloric sphincter
104
Rect/o
Rectum
105
Sialaden/o
Salivary gland
106
Sigmoid/o
Sidmoid colon
107
Stomat/o
Mouth
108
Uvul/o
Uvula
109
Amyl/o
Starch
110
Bil/i
Gall, bile
111
Bilirubin/o
Bilirubin
112
Chol/e
Gall, bile
113
Chlorhydr/o
Hydrochloric acid
114
Absence of gastric juice is associated with gastric carcinoma
Achlorhydria
115
Gluc/o
Sugar
116
Glycogen/o
Glycogen, animal
117
Lip/o
Fat, lipid
118
Lith/o
Stone
119
Prote/o
Protein
120
Py/o
Pus
121
Sial/o
Saliva, salivary
122
Steat/o
Fat
123
Liver cells make new sugar from fats and proteins
Gluconeogenesis
124
Liver cells change glycogen back into glucose when blood sugar levels drop
Glycogenolysis
125
Periodontitis; An advanced stage of periodontal disease (gingivitis)
Pyorrhea
126
Improperly digested (malabsorbed) fats will appear in the feces
Steatorrhea
127
-ase
Enzyme
128
-chezia
Defecation, Elimination of wastes
129
-iasis
Abnormal condition
130
-prandial
Meal
131
Enzyme that aids in digestion of fats
Lipase
132
Bright red blood is found in the feces
Hematochezia
133
Seen on written prescriptions, also means after meals
Postprandial
134
Lack of appetite – Often sign of malignancy or liver disease
Anorexia
135
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
Ascites
136
Rumbling or gurgling noises produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in gastrointestinal tract
Borborygmi
137
Difficult in passing stools (feces). Peristalsis is slow, stools are dry and hard
Constipation
138
Frequent passage of loose, watery stool
Diarrhea
139
Difficult in swallowing
Dysphagia
140
Gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth
Eructation
141
Gas expelled through the anus
Flatus
142
Passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum
Hematochezia
143
Yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia)
Jaundice
144
Black, tarry stools; Feces containing digested blood
Melena
145
Unpleasant sensation in the stomach with a tendency to vomit
Nausea
146
Fat in feces
Steatorrhea
147
Inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers
Aphthous
148
Tooth decay
Dental caries
149
Inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with herpesvirus
Herpetic stomatitis
150
White plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth
Oral leukoplakia
151
Failure of the lower esophagus sphincter (LES) muscle to relax
Achalasia
152
Malignant tumor of the esophagus
Esophageal cancer
153
Swollen varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus
Esophageal varices
154
Malignant tumor of the stomach
Gastric cancer
155
Solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
156
Protrusion of an organ or part through the tissues and muscles normally containing it
Hernia
157
Open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum
Peptic ulcer
158
Abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus
Anal fistula
159
Polyps (benign growths) protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon
Colonic polyps
160
Adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, or both
Colorectal cancer
161
Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract
Crohn's Disease
162
Abnormal outpouchings in the intestinal wall of the colon
Diverticulosis
163
Painful inflammation of the intestines commonly caused by bacteria infection
Dysentery
164
Swollen, twisted varicose veins in the rectal region
Hemorrhoids
165
Loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of intestines
Ileus
166
Inflammation of the colon and small intestine
Inflmmatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
167
Telescoping the intestines
Intussuception
168
Group of GI symptoms (abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, constipation) without structural abnormalities in the intensities
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
169
Chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers
Ulcerative colitis
170
Twisting of the intestine on itself
Volvulus
171
Gallstones in the gallbladder
Cholelithiasis
172
Chronic degenerative disease of the liver
Cirrhosis
173
Liver cancer
Hepatocellular carcinoma
174
Malignant tumor of the pancreas
Pancreatic cancer
175
Inflammation of the pancreas
Pancreatitis
176
Inflmmation of the liver caused by virus
Viral hepatitis
