chapter 5: lipids Flashcards
what happens to blood vessels when there is too much Omega-3
leakage
lipid digestion
*mainly in small intestine
- bile needs to emulsify
- pancreatic lipase: splits FA’s from glycerol
small lipid absorption
directly into capillaries
large lipid absorption
cross and then combine with cholesterol and phospholipids to form chylomicrons which enter lymph
physiological function of lipids
- keep body warm
- slow digestion
- cell structure
- continuous fuel supply
- protect from mechanical shock
- raw materials for hormones
- transport lipid soluable vitamins
dietary function of lipids
- provide dense energy
- provide taste and smell
- slow spoilage
- satiety
- emulsify
what do trans fats do
- raise LDL and lower HDL
- produce inflammation
- increase risk of heart disease
linoleic
essential fatty acid OMEGA 6
- 5-10%
- vegetable oils
- used to make eicosanoids
linolenic
essential fatty acid OMEGA #
- 0.6-1.2%
- flax, fish, canola, soy, walnuts, human milk
- used to make eicosanoids
eicosanoids regulate:
- muscle contraction and relaxation
- blood vessel constriction and dilation
- blood clot formation
- blood lipids
- response to injury and infection (fever, inflammation, pain)
phospholipids
- emulsifiers
- produced in the liver
- not essential
- cell membranes
sterols
- made in the body
- cholesterol: only from animals
- bile, adrenal hormones, sex hormones, vit. D
chylomicron
- largest; least dense
- move lipids from intestine to body
VLDL
- mainly triglycerides, made in the liver
- transports lipids to rest of body
LDL
- mainly cholesterol
- VLDL with most of triglyceride removed
HDL
- mainly protein, smallest, most dense
- made in liver, collects lipids for recycling
catabolism
fat combines with glucose to form
CO2+H2O+ATP
anabolism
fat formed from excess: glucose, protein, dietary fat
total fat intake
20-35% of kcals
1lb fat =
3,500 kcals
DASH diet
helps lower hypertension by:
- lower sodium
- higher Ca, Mg, K+
- less meat
- more fruit and veggie
- more omega 3
endothelial damage caused by:
- hypertension
- smoking
- high blood pressure
- hypercholesterolemia (increased LDL)
