Chapter 5 (Lecture 4) Flashcards

1
Q

Addiction

A

Compulsive use of a substance despite all adverse consequences

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2
Q

Symptoms of substance use disorders

A
  1. Impaired control
    • using more of a substance or more often than intended
  2. Social problems
    • neglecting responsibilities and relationships
  3. Risky use
    • using in risky settings despite known problems
  4. Physical dependence
    • needing more of the substance to get the same effect
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3
Q

Contributing Factors to Development of Addiction

A

Genetic/Epigenetic
- genes involved in dopamine receptors

Brain Function
- reward circuit potentiation

Psychological
- positive and negative reinforcement
- expectancy effect

Social & Sociocultural
- childhood maltreatment
- victimization
- adolescence, college and advertising

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4
Q

Liking vs Wanting

A

Liking
- pleasure part, the enjoyment part

Wanting
- seen in drug addicts, report they do not want cocaine but their enjoyment is still intact and they will administer the same amount but still report lower/no want

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5
Q

Drive Theory of Addiction

A

Proposed by Abraham Wikler

  • repeated drug use causes a motivation, or drive, to engage in seeking a drug’s positive reinforcing effects
  • drug use —> positive reinforcing effects —> drug seeking behaviour (loops)
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6
Q

Opponent Process Theory of Addiction

A

Solomon and Corbit

Effects of a drug are automatically counteracted by opposing actions in the body

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7
Q

Incentive-Salience Model

A

Addiction occurs when an individual goes from “liking” the effects to “wanting” the effects

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8
Q

Environmental Triggers

A

Location of use, social settings and peer pressure, traumatic events, being around paraphernalia

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9
Q

Physiological Factors

A

Craving of substance and pain relief

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10
Q

Psychological Factors

A

Paranoia, Depression, Mood disorders, Hallucinations, Anxiety

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11
Q

Consequences

A

Kidney failure, Heart failure, Paranoia, Depression, Mood disorders, Hallucinations

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12
Q

Treatment Options

A

Medication
- agonist substitution, antagonist treatment, aversive treatment

12-step programs

Personalized Treatment

Continual Reassessment

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