Chapter 2

Question 1

Psychotherapeutic Revolution

Answer 1

Success of drug Chlorpromazine sparked interest in building field of research that focused on behavioural pharmacology

Question 2

Tolerance

Answer 2

Decreased effectiveness of a drug over time

Question 3

Acute tolerance

Answer 3

Tolerance that develops after a single administration of a drug

Question 4

Pharmacokinetic Tolerance

Answer 4

Increased rate or ability of body to metabolize a drug

Question 5

Pharmacodynamic Tolerance

Answer 5

Adjustment the body makes to compensate for effects of a drug

Question 6

Behavioural Tolerance

Answer 6

Developed over time through experience with the drug

Question 7

Withdrawal

Answer 7

Body’s reaction to the loss of a drug

Question 8

Dependence

Answer 8

Presence of withdrawal symptoms when the drug is withheld and when a person NEEDS to take a drug

Question 9

Opponent Process Theory

Answer 9

Abused drugs stimulate a process that creates a euphoric state followed by a compensatory dysphoric state

Question 10

Sensitization

Answer 10

Increase in behavioural effects following repeated administration of a drug, inverse of tolerance

Question 11

Structural imaging techniques

Answer 11

MRI - creates images of the body/brain using a large magnet and radio waves

Question 12

PET and fMRI

Answer 12

Measure metabolic activity that is correlated with neuronal activity

Question 13

PET

Answer 13

Measures the concentration of a radioactive tracer inserted to bloodstream

Question 14

fMRI

Answer 14

Measures relative amount of oxygenated to deoxygenated blood

Question 15

Pros and Cons of MRI, PET, and fMRI

Answer 15

MRI -
Pro: high contrast and spatial resolution
Con: expensive and can be awkward

PET -
Pro: reveals distribution and concentration of drugs and assesses receptor binding competition
Con: low spatial resolution and some chance of health risk

fMRI -
Pro: good spatial like MRI and better temporal resolution than PET
Con: very expensive