Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Major Subjects Reviewer > Chapter 5 (LAB) > Flashcards

Chapter 5 (LAB) Flashcards

1
Q

process that destroys or eliminates forms of microbial life

A

Sterilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

process that eliminates many or all pathogenic microorganisms or inanimate objects with the exception of bacterial spores

A

Disinfection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

process of preventing the growth of infectious germs like bacteria, virus and fungi

A

Antisepsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

substance that used to kill broad range of infection

A

Antiseptic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Typed of Antisepsis

A

Physical
Mechanical
Chemical
Biological
Mixed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

substance that kills bacteria or microorganisms

A

Bactericidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

used as chemical to combat pests and pathogens of plants, weeds as well as parasites and vectors of dangerous disease.

A

Germicidal Agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  • agent that is capable of inhibiting growth of bacteria without necessarily killing them.
  • limits the growth of bacteria
A

Bacteriostatic agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

“Anti” and “Sepsis” means?

A

Anti = AGAINST
Sepsis = PUTREFACTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

He developed the first antiseptic methods for surgical procedures using carbolic acid.

A

Joseph Lister

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

2 Types of Germicidal Agent

A
  1. Oxidizing Germicides
  2. Non-oxidizing Germicides
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  • agents that is capable of destroying spores, fungi, and viruses
  • kills vegetative microorganisms
A

Sporicidal Fungicidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  • most common PHYSICAL METHOD of STERILIZATION.
  • expresses in TDT or Thermal Death Time.
A

Heating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Mechanical of Heating

A

a. Formation of single-stranded breaks in the bacterial DNA
b. Coagulation and denaturation of proteins
c. Accumulation of toxic levels of electrolytes
d. Alteration of cell membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Temperature and Time

A

as the temperature increases, the time taken to sterilize decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Number of microorganisms

A

the more the microorganisms , the higher the temperature and the longer the duration of process required to destroy all of them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Withstand extreme conditions of starvation, acidity, temp, and dessication by spores.

A

Spore Forming Bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

more susceptible to environmental stresses like heat and desiccation

A

Non-spore Forming Bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
  • more rapid killing action that dry heat.
  • its mechanism of action is to cause coagulation and denaturation of proteins.
A

Moist Heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

method of disease producing organisms in milk products as well as beverages

A

Pasteurization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

used for killing non-sporing bacteria which may be present in vaccine

A

Vaccine Bath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

used for inactive bacteria contaminating in serum preparation

A

Serum Bath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

used to solidify and disinfect egg containing and serum-containing media

A

Inspissation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

method that involves utilizing water at boiling temperature of 100 degree Celsius or 212 degree Fahrenheit

A

Boiling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

involves exposing the material to be sterilize to live steam at 100 degree Celsius.

A

Fractional Sterilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

it is used to sterilize surgical equipment , laboratory instruments , pharmaceutical items and other materials.

A

Autoclave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q
  • it is used to sterilize materials in enclosed tubes, oils, jellies, powders and glasswares.
  • its effectiveness depends on the penetration of heat through the materials to be sterilized.
A

Dry Heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

2 Types of Dry Heat

A
  1. Static air type
  2. Forced air or mechanical convection sterilizer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

process of instant sterilization by holding the instrument in a bunsen burner till they become red hot.

A

Red Flame

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q
  • device that temporarily emits a flame that is directly exposed to outside elements.
  • not recommended for use in the lab
  • it generates aerosol, which may contain pathogens.
A

Open Flame

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q
  • method that aims at burning organisms into ashe.
  • use a device called incinerator
A

Incineration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

It can sterilize the object that cannot be sterilized by moist heat.

A

Hot air oven

33
Q

articles to be sterilized are placed in a conveyor belt and passed through a tunnel that is heated by infrared radiators

A

Infrared Rays

34
Q

it is the state of extreme dryness or the process of extreme drying and can be used to control microbial growth

A

Dessication

35
Q

it halts the activities of spoilage microorganisms in and on foods and can preserve some microorganisms for a long time

A

Freezing

36
Q

form of mechanical sieving that does not kill microorganisms but merely seperates from the fluid

A

Filtration

37
Q
  • It is an energy that travels through space at the speed of light from a source
  • it is also known as “electromagnetic waves”
A

Radiation

38
Q
  • it is used to disinfect hospital wards, operating room, laboratories and other rooms in the hospital that need to be sterilized.
  • its disadvantage is that it has low penetrance
A

Ultraviolet Light / Non-Ionizing Radiation

39
Q
  • It have greater penetrance than UV rays
  • it exert its effect by causing formation of free radicals that chemically interact with proteins and nucleic acid
A

Ionizing Radiation

40
Q

It is a technique used commonly to sterilize pharmaceutical packaging products and medical devices

A

Electron beams

41
Q
  • It is produced from nuclear disintegration of selective radioactive isotopes.
  • it have greater penetrance than electron beams but require longer exposure time
A

Electromagnetic Rays (Gamma Rays)

42
Q

It is a cavitation procedure that uses high frequency sound waves to agitate bubbles that permeate every surface of medical devices including holes and crevices

A

Sonic and Ultrasonic Vibrations

43
Q

It can cause the bacterial cell to collapse when the concentration of the fluid surrounding the organism is altered

A

Osmotic pressure

44
Q

process of using low temperature chemicals to kill, eliminate and remove all germs, viruses and bacteria.

A

Chemical Sterilization

45
Q

Duration of exposure

A

the longer the time of exposure to the chemical agent, the better the killing action

46
Q

Temperature

A

A higher temperature speeds up the rate of chemical reaction and thus accelerates killing action

47
Q

Number of microorganisms

A

the larger the number of microorganisms present , the more time needed for a disinfectant to destroy all of them.

48
Q

A good chemical agent must posses the following characteristics:

A
  1. Be broad spectrum - able to destroy a wide variety of microorganisms.
  2. Be fast-acting - able to destroy microbes within the short time of period.
  3. Active in the presence of organic matter
  4. Active in any ph
  5. Should be stable
  6. Non-toxic, Non-allergenic, Non-irritative and Non-corrosive.
  7. Be soluble to water and easy to apply
  8. Leave a residual antimicrobial film on the treated surface.
  9. High Penetrating power
  10. Not expensive and must be easily available
  11. Safe under storage and shipping for reasonable periods of time
  12. Do not have a bad odor.
49
Q

Chemical disinfectants may be classified based on the following:

A
  1. Consistency
  2. Spectrum activity
  3. Mechanism of action
50
Q

2 forms of Chemical Disinfectants

A
  1. Liquid chemical Disinfectants
  2. Gaseous chemical Disinfectants
51
Q

3 Types of Chemical disinfectants based on Spectrum activity

A
  1. High level disinfectants
  2. Low level disinfectants
  3. Intermediate level disinfectants
52
Q
  • it lowers the surface tension of an aqueous solution and are used as wetting agents, detergents, emulsifiers, antiseptic and disinfectants
  • also referred to as “surfactants”
A

Surface Active Agents

53
Q
  • a positive charge on their hydrophilic end
  • it can also serves as antimicrobial agents, so they are often used as disinfectants
A

Cationic Agents

54
Q
  • most widely used as versatile surfactants
  • most effective at removing oil residue
  • removes dirt through the process of emulsion and are most effective at acidic pH
A

Anionic Agents

55
Q
  • used as antiseptic at low concentrations
  • used as disinfectant at high concentration
  • has corrosive property
A

Phenolic Compound

56
Q

a phenol derivative commonly used as surface disinfectant

A

Cresol

57
Q

a disinfectant and antiseptic that is used for skin disinfection before surgery and sterilize surgical equipments.

A

Chlorhexidine

58
Q
  • an antiseptic and disinfectant agent used for skin disinfection and surgicsl equipments.
  • it is listed on WHO list of essential Medicines.
A

Chloroxylenols

59
Q
  • useful as topical anti-infective, , antibacterial agent often found in soaps and toothpaste
  • also knows as Nabac
A

Hexachlorophene

60
Q

an antibacterial and antifungal agent present in some consumer products

A

Triclosan

61
Q
  • it is generally classified as low level disinfectants - primarily due to the fact that it has no or limited sporicidal activity.
  • it is commonly used in different ways in the healthcare settings.
A

Alcohol

62
Q
  • used as skin antiseptic, it is bactericidal and remove lipids from skin surfaces
  • used in medical wipes and hand sanitizer as an antiseptic effect
A

Ethyl alcohol

63
Q
  • it has greater bactericidal activity than ethyl alcohol and is less volatile
  • it can be used as surface disinfectant.
  • inhalation of its fume may cause narcosis
A

Isopropyl alcohol

64
Q
  • acts as preservative for foods products
  • prevents growth of bacteria without killing it
  • play an important role in extending shelf life of cosmetics and personal care products.
A

Benzyl Alcohol

65
Q

It is fungicidal and sporicidal used in disinfecting inoculation hoods

A

Methyl Alcohol

66
Q

defined as process in which a molecule structure deviates from its original state when exposed in denaturing ageents

A

Denaturation

67
Q

used for denoting mercury, lead, zinc, silver and copper

A

Heavy Metals

68
Q
  • it used as biocidal agents and antiseptic
  • active agents against viruses at dilution of 1:500 to 1:1000
A

Mercurials

69
Q

its solution is used clinically as treatment for Opthalmia neonatrum Crede’s prophylaxis

A

Silver Compounds and the solution I’m referring to is Silver Nitrate.

70
Q

bactericidal oxidizing agents that cause oxidation of essential sulfhydryl groups of enzymes causing inactivation of the enzymes

A

Halogens

71
Q
  • considered as best antisepsis because it is sporicidal, fungicidal, bactericidal, virucidal and amoebacidal.
  • it also penetrates bacterial cell wall
A

Iodine

72
Q

It has been used for deactivation of pathogens in drinking water, swimming pool water, and wastewater

A

Chlorine

73
Q

weak antiseptic and used only for cleaning wounds and in the disinfection of surgical devices and soft plastic contact lenses.

A

Hydrogen peroxide

74
Q

group of strong disinfectants that act by replacing atom within a molecule with an alkyl group, thereby inactivating enzymes and nucleic acid.

A

Alkylating agents

75
Q

type of chemical substance made from alcohol

A

Aldehyde

76
Q
  • commonly used in solution at a concentration of 37% known as formalin or as gaseous disinfectant and biocide
  • used to kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum and fungi in athletes foot
A

Formaldehyde

77
Q
  • used to eliminate harmful microorganisms on surgical equipments.
  • commonly used as 2% solution for sterilization and is marketed under brand name of Cidex
  • it’s efficacy is dependent on pH and temperature
A

Glutaraldehyde

78
Q
  • it can sterilize heat or moisture sensitive medical equipments without deleterious effects on the material used in the medical devices
  • more potent but slower acting
A

Ethylene oxide

Major Subjects Reviewer (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions