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Management Information Systems > CHAPTER 5 IT INFRASTRUCTURE AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES > Flashcards

CHAPTER 5 IT INFRASTRUCTURE AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES Flashcards

1
Q

Era that moved towards integrate disparate networks, applications using internet standards and enterprise applications

A

Enterprise Computing Era (92-Present)

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2
Q

Shrinks size of transistors to size comparable to size of a virus

A

nanotech

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2
Q

Computing power doubles every 18 months (and the price of computing falls by half every 18 months

A

Moores’ Law

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2
Q

Value or power of a network grows exponentially as a function of the number of network members. As network members increase, more ppl want to use it

A

Metcalfe’s Law and network economics

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3
Q

Specifications that establish the compatibility of products and the ability to communicate in a network

A

Technology Standards

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3
Q

Amt of data being stored each year doubles

A

Law of Mass Digital Service

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3
Q

65% or corporate servers use this operating system

A

Unix/Linux

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4
Q

Ultra-thin computers stored in racks

A

Blade Servers

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5
Q

Comprises about 35% of the server operating system market

A

Microsoft Windows

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6
Q

Small lightweight notebooks optimized for wireless communication and core tasks

A

Netbooks

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7
Q

Allowing employees to use personal mobile devices in workplace

A

BYOD (Bring Your Own Device)

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8
Q

Concept that IT emerges in consumer markets first and spreads to businesses

A

Consumerization of IT

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9
Q

Connects geographically remote computers into a single network to combine processing power and create virtual supercomputer

A

Grid Computing

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9
Q

Ability to expand to serve larger number of users

A

Scalability

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9
Q

Allows single physical resource to act as multiple resources. (Ex: Running multiple operating systems on the same server)

A

Virtualization

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10
Q

Windows operating system software on a computer with an Intel microprocessor

A

Wintel PC

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10
Q

Mainframe computers became powerful enough to support
thousands of online remote terminals connected to the centralized mainframe using proprietary communication protocols and proprietary data lines.

A

mainframe

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10
Q

DEC minicomputers (PDP-11 and later the VAX machines) offered powerful machines at far lower prices than IBM mainframes, making possible decentralized computing,
customized to the specific needs of individual departments or business units rather than time sharing on a single huge mainframe.

A

minicomputers

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10
Q

desktop or laptop computers called clients are
networked to powerful server computers

A

client/server computing

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11
Q

The simplest client/server network consists of a client computer networked to a server computer, with processing split between the two types of machines

A

two-tiered client/server architecture

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11
Q

desktop or laptop computers

A

clients

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11
Q

computers that provide the client computers with a variety of services and capabilities.

A

server

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12
Q

will serve a Web page to a client in response to a request for service.

A

Web server

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12
Q

client/server architectures in which the work of the entire network is balanced over several different levels of servers, depending on the kind of service being requested

A

multitiered

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13
Q

Application server software handles all application operations between a user and an organization’s back-end business systems. The application server may reside on the same computer as the Web server or on its own dedicated computer.

A

application server

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14
Q

Microsoft Windows operating systems (Windows Server, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP).

A

Windows

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15
Q

refers to a model of computing that provides access to a
shared pool of computing resources (computers, storage, applications, and services), over a network, often the Internet.

A

Cloud computing

15
Q

since the first microprocessor chip was introduced in 1959, the number of components on a chip with the smallest manufacturing costs per component (generally transistors) had doubled each year. This assertion became the foundation of Moore’s Law.
Moore later reduced the rate of growth to a doubling every two years.
This law would later be interpreted in multiple ways. There are at least three variations of Moore’s Law, none of which Moore ever stated:
(1) the power of microprocessors doubles every 18 months;
(2) computing power doubles every 18 months; and
(3) the price of computing falls by half every 18 months.

A

Moore’s Law

16
Q

uses individual atoms and molecules to create computer chips and other devices that are thousands of times smaller than current technologies permit.

A

Nanotechnology

17
Q

inventor of Ethernet local area network technology—
claimed in 1970 that the value or power of a network grows exponentially as a function of the number of network members.

A

Robert Metcalfe Law

17
Q

Technology standards are specifications that establish the compatibility of products and the ability to communicate in a network. Technology standards unleash powerful economies of scale and result in price declines as manufacturers focus on the products built to a single standard.

A

technology standards

18
Q

are ultrathin computers consisting of a circuit board
with processors, memory, and network connections that are stored in racks.
They take up less space than traditional box-based servers. Secondary storage may be provided by a hard drive in each blade server or by external mass-storage
drives.

A

Blade servers

19
Q

Unix operating system or Linux, an inexpensive and robust open source relative of Unix.

A

Unix or Linux OS

20
Q

Machine software to manage the resources and activities of the computer.

A

operating system

21
Q

provides a lightweight operating system for cloud computing using netbooks. Programs are not stored on the user’s PC but are used over the Internet and accessed through the Chrome Web browser.

A

Chrome OS

22
Q

is a mobile operating system developed by Android, Inc. (purchased by Google) and later the Open Handset Alliance as a flexible, upgradeable mobile device platform.

A

Android

23
Q

an interface, where users use their fingers to manipulate objects on the screen.

A

multitouch

24
Q

connect multiple storage devices on a separate high-speed network dedicated to storage. The SAN creates a large central pool of storage that can be rapidly accessed and shared by multiple servers.

A

Storage area networks (SANs)

25
Q

maintains a large Web server, or series of servers, and provides fee-paying subscribers with space to maintain their Web sites.

A

Web hosting service

26
Q

are generally older transaction processing systems created for mainframe computers that continue to be used to avoid the high cost of replacing or redesigning them. Replacing these systems is cost prohibitive and generally not
necessary if these older systems can be integrated into a contemporary infrastructure.

A

Legacy systems

27
Q

subnotebooks optimized for wireless communication and Internet access, with core computing functions such as word processing; tablet computers such as the iPad; and digital e-book readers such as Amazon’s Kindle with some Web access capabilities.

A

netbooks

27
Q

is the process of presenting a set of computing resources
(such as computing power or data storage) so that they can all be accessed in ways that are not restricted by physical configuration or geographic location.
Virtualization enables a single physical resource (such as a server or a storage device) to appear to the user as multiple logical resources.

A

Virtualization

28
Q

involves connecting geographically remote computers into a single network to create a virtual supercomputer by combining the computational power of all computers on the grid.

A

Grid computing

29
Q

characteristics of cloud computing

A

On-demand self-service
Ubiquitous network access
Location independent resource pooling
Rapid elasticity
Measured service

30
Q

cloud computing services

A

Cloud infrastructure as a service
Cloud platform as a service
Cloud software as a service

31
Q

is a proprietary network or a data center that ties together servers, storage, networks, data, and applications as a set of virtualized services that are shared by users inside a

A

private cloud

31
Q

is maintained by an external service provider, such as Amazon Web Services, accessed through the Internet, and available to the general public.

A

public cloud

32
Q

organizations using cloud computing purchase their computing services from remote providers and pay only for the amount of computing power they actually use
or are billed on a monthly or annual subscription basis.

A

utility computing . on-demand computing

33
Q

refers to practices and technologies for designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of computers,
servers, and associated devices such as monitors, printers, storage devices, and networking and communications systems to minimize impact on the environment.

A

Green computing or green IT

34
Q

is an industry-wide effort to develop systems that can configure themselves, optimize and tune themselves, heal themselves when broken, and protect themselves from outside intruders and self-destruction.

A

Autonomic computing

34
Q

is an integrated circuit to which two or more processor cores have been attached for enhanced performance, reduced power consumption, and more efficient simultaneous processing of multiple tasks.

A

multicore processor

35
Q

is an operating system-independent, processor-independent, object oriented programming language that has become the leading interactive environment for the Web.

A

Java

35
Q

is software produced by a community of several
hundred thousand programmers around the world.

A

Open source software

36
Q

is an easy-to-use software tool with a graphical user interface for displaying Web pages and for accessing the Web and other Internet resources.

A

Web browser

37
Q

(Asynchronous JavaScript and XML) is another Web development technique for creating interactive
Web applications that prevents all of this inconvenience.

A

Ajax

38
Q

stands for Extensible Markup Language. This language was developed in 1996 by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C, the international body that oversees the development of the Web) as a more powerful and flexible markup language than hypertext markup language (HTML) for Web pages.

A

XML,

39
Q

is set of self-contained services that communicate with each other to create a working software application. Business tasks are accomplished by executing a series of these services. Software developers reuse these services in other combinations to assemble other applications as
needed.

A

service oriented architecture (SOA)

40
Q

is a page description language for specifying how text, graphics, video, and sound are placed on a Web page document. Whereas HTML is limited to describing how data should be presented in the form of Web pages, XML can perform presentation, communication, and storage of data.

A

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

41
Q

is a prewritten commercially available set of software programs that eliminates the need for a firm to write its own software programs for certain functions, such as payroll processing or order handling.

A

software package

42
Q

enables a firm to contract custom software development
or maintenance of existing legacy programs to outside firms, which often operate offshore in low-wage areas of the world.

A

outsourcing

43
Q

Services for delivering and providing access to software remotely as a Web-based service

A

software as a service (SaaS)

44
Q

is a formal contract between customers and their service
providers that defines the specific responsibilities of the service provider and the level of service expected by the customer.

A

service level agreement (SLA)

45
Q

Individual users and entire companies mix and match software components to create their own customized applications and to share information with others.

A

mashups

46
Q

are small pieces of software that run on the Internet, on your computer, or on your cell phone and are generally delivered over the Internet.

A

Apps

47
Q

refers to the ability of a computer, product, or system to expand to serve a large number of users without breaking down.

A

Scalability

48
Q

model can be used to analyze direct and indirect costs to help firms determine the actual cost of specific
technology implementations.

A

total cost of ownership (TCO)

49
Q

Competitive Forces Model for IT Infrastructure
Investment

A

Market demand for your firm’s services.
firm’s business strategy.
firm’s IT strategy, infrastructure, and cost.
Information technology assessment.
Competitor firm services.
Competitor firm IT infrastructure investments.

Management Information Systems (8 decks)

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