Chapter 5 - Integumentary System Flashcards
Abscess
Localized Collection of pus at the site of an infection
Acne
Inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles of the skin with characteristic lesions that in include blackheads (comedos), inflammatory papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts and are usually associated with seborrhea; also called acne vulgaris
Alopecia
Partial or complete loss of hair resulting from normal ageing, an endocrine disorder, a drug reaction, anti cancer medication, or skin disease
Commonly called baldness
Bowen disease
Very early form of skin cancer, which is easily curable and characterized by a red scaly path on the skin
also called squamous cell carcinoma
Cellulitis
Widespread, acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue
Chloasma
Pigmentary skin discolouration usually occurring in yellowish-brown patches or spot
Comedo
Typical small skin lesion of acne vulgaris caused by accumulation of keratin, bacteria, and dried sebum plugging g an excretory duct of the skin
Decubitus ulcer
Inflammation, sore, or skin deterioration caused by prolonged pressure from lying in one position that prevents blood flow to the tissues, usually in elderly bedridden people
Also known as pressure ulcer
Ecchymosis
Skin discolouration consisting of a large, irregularly formed hemorrhagic area with colors changing from bluish black to greenish brown or yellow
Commonly called a bruise
Eczema
Chronic inflammatory skin condition that is characterized by erythema, papules, vesicles, pustules, scales, crusts, scabs, and accompanied by intense itching
Also called atopic dermatitis
Erythema
Redness of the skin caused by swelling of the capillaries
Eschar
Dead matter that is sloughed off from the surface of the skin especially after a burn
Commonly crusty or scabbed
Impetigo
Bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture
Keratosis
Thickened area of the epidermis of any horny growth on the skin (such as a callus or a wart)
Lentigo
Small brown mascules, especially on the face and arms, brought on by sun exposure, usually in a middle aged or older person
Pallor
Unnatural paleness or absence of colour in the skin
Pediculosis
Infestation with lice, transmitted by the personal contact of common use of brushes, combs, or headgear
Petechia
Minute, pinpoint hemorrhage under the skin
Pruritus
Intense itching
Psoriasis
Chronic skin disease characterized by itchy red patches covered by thick, dry, silvery, scales
Caused by excessive development of the nasal layer of the epidermis
Purpura
Any severe bleeding disorders characterized by hemorrhage into the tissues, particularly beneath the skin or mucous membranes, producing ecchymoses or petechiae
Scabies
Contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite, commonly through sexual contact
Tinea
Fungal skin infection whose name is commonly indicates the body part affected;
Also called a ringworm
Urticaria
Allergic reaction of the skin characterized by the eruption of pale red, elevated patches called wheals or hives
Verruca
Epidermal growth caused by a virus
Also know as warts
Vitiligo
Localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by milk-white patches
Allergy skin test
Any test in which a suspected Allergan or sensitizer is applied to or injected into the skin to determine patient’s sensitivity to it
Most common: intradermal, patch and scratch tests
Intradermal
Skin tests that identifies suspected allergens by subcutaneously injecting small amounts of extracts of the suspected allergens and observing the skin for a reaction
Patch
Skin test that identifies allergic contact dermatitis by applying a suspected allergen to a patch, which is then taped on the skin, usually the forearm, and observing the area 24 hours later for allergic response
Scratch
Skin test that identifies suspected allergens by placing a small quantity of the suspected allergen on a lightly scratched area of the skin
also called puncture or prick test
Culture & Sensitivity (C&S)
Laboratory test to determine the presence of pathogens in patients with the suspected wound infections and identify the appropriate drug therapy to with the organism responds
Biopsy (Bx)
Representative tissue sample removed from a body site for microscopic examination
Frozen section
Ultra thin slide of tissue from a frozen specimen for immediate pathological examination
Needle
Removal of a small tissue sample for examination using a hallow needle usually attached to a syringe
Punch
Removal of a small core of tissue using a hollow punch
Shave
Removal of elevated lesions using a surgical blade
Mohs
Procedure that involves progressive removal and examination of layers of cancer-containing skin until only the cancer free tissue remains
Also called micro graphic surgery
Skin graft
Transplant of healthy tissue into a injured site
Allograft
Transplantation of tissue from one person to another person
Also called homograft
Autograft
Transplantation of healthy tissue from one site to another in the same individual
Synthetic
Transplantation of artificial skin produced from collagen fibres arranged in a lattice pattern
Xenograft
Transplantation (dermis only) from foreign donor, usually a pig, and transferred to a human
Also called a heterograft
Chemical peel
Chemical removal of the outer layers of skin to treat Anne scarring and general keratoses
Called chemabrasion
Cryosurgery
Use of subfreezing temperature (commonly liquid nitrogen) to destroy or eliminate abnormal tissue such as warts, tumors,
Debridement
Removal of necrotized tissue from a wound by surgical excision
Dermabrasion
Rubbing (abrasion) using Eire brushes or sandpaper to mechanically scrape away the epidermis
Fulguration
Tissue destruction by means of high frequency current
Also called electrodesiccation
Photodynamic therapy (PDT)
Procedure in which cells selectively treated with an agent called a photosensitizer are exposed to light to produce a reaction that destroys the cells
Adip/o
Fat
Lip/o
Fat
Steat/o
Fat
Cutane/o
Skin
Dermat/o
Skin
Derm/o
Skin
Hidr/o
Sweat
Sudor/o
Sweat
ichthy/o
Dry, scaly
Kerat
Horny tissue; cornea; hard
Melan/o
Black
Myc/o
Fungus
Onych/o
Nail
Ungu/o
Nail
Pil/o
Hair
Trich/o
Hair
Scler/o
Hardening
Seb/o
Sebum, sebaceous
Squam/o
Scale
Xen/o
Strange foreign
Xer/o
Dry
-cyte
Cell
-derma
Skin
-logist
Specialist in the study of
-logy
Study of
-therapy
Treatment
An-
Without, not
Epi-
Above, upon
Homo-
Same
Functions of the skin:
Protects underlying structures from injury
Sends sensory information to the brain
Protects body from ultra violet rays
Synthesizes vitamin D
Regulates body temperature
Functions of hair:
Eyelashes and eyebrows provide protection to eyes from sunlight and foreign matter
Nostril and ear hair protects against entry of foreign matter
Hair on scalp protects from sunlight and mechanical injury
List the three accessory glands of the skin:
Hair
Nails
Sebaceous gland
Sudoriferous glands
Sudoriferous glands functions
Cool the body
Excrete waste products
Moisturize surface cells
Sebaceous gland functions
Produce oil
Prevent infection
Examples of skin tumours
Basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Malignant melanoma
What is sebum
It’s an oily secretion from the sebaceous glands, it’s acidic nature helps destroy harmful organisms on the skin to prevent infection