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Medical Terminology Systems: A Body Systems Approach > Chapter 4 - Body Structure > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - Body Structure Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Adhesion

A

Abnormal fibrous band that holds or binds together tissues that are normally separated.

May occur in the body cavities as a result of surgery.

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2
Q

Edema

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluid within tissue spaces as a result of systematic disease or failure of the lymphatic system to drain tissue fluid from the site

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3
Q

Febrile

A

Having or showing symptoms of a fever

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4
Q

Gangrene

A

Death and decay of soft tissue, usually caused by circulatory obstruction or infection.

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5
Q

Hernia

A

Protrusion of any organ through the structure which normally contains it

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6
Q

Inflammation

A

Body defence against injury, infection, or allergy marked by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, sometimes with loss of function

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7
Q

Mycosis

A

Any fungal infection in or on the body

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8
Q

Perforation

A

Hole that completely penetrates a structure

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9
Q

Peritonitis

A

Inflammation of the peritoneum, the serous membrane that surrounds the abdominal cavity and covers its organs, usually caused by bacteria or fungi

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10
Q

Rupture

A

Sudden breaking or bursting of a structure or organ

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11
Q

Septicemia

A

Severe bacterial infection of the tissues that spreads to the blood also called sepsis or blood poisoning

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12
Q

Suppuration

A

Process of forming puss

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13
Q

Assessment techniques

A

Sequence of procedures designed to evaluate the health status of a patient

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14
Q

Auscultation

A

Listening to the heart, vowel, and lungs with or without a stethoscope to assess the presence and quality of sounds

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15
Q

Inspection

A

General observation of the patient as a whole, progressing to specific body areas.

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16
Q

Palpation

A

Gentle application of the hands to a specific structure or body area to determine size, consistency, texture, symmetry, and tenderness of underlying structures.

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17
Q

Percussion

A

Tapping a body structure with the hand or fingers to assess consistency and the presence or absence of fluids within the underlying structure.

Especially helpful in assessing the thorax and abdomen.

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18
Q

Endoscopy

A

Visual examination of a body cavity or canal using a specialized lighted instrument called an endoscope.

Endoscopy is used for biopsy, surgery, aspiration of fluids, and coagulation of bleeding areas.

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19
Q

Blood chemistry analysis

A

Laboratory test, usually performed on serum, to determine biochemical imbalances, abnormalities, and nutritional conditions.

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20
Q

Complete blood count (CBC)

A

Broad screening test used to evaluate red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets to determine anemias, infections, and other diseases.

Usually part of a routine physical examination.

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21
Q

Computed tomography (CT)

A

Imaging technique that rotates an X-ray emitter around the area to be evaluated and measures the intensity of transmitted rays from differ t angles.

It may detect rumour masses, bone displacement, and fluid accumulation.

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22
Q

Fluoroscopy

A

Technique in which X-rays are directed through the body to a fluorescent screen that displays internal structures in continuous motion.

Helps view the motions of organs

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23
Q

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

Technique that uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field, rather than an X-ray beam, to produce highly detailed, multiplanar, cross-sectional views of soft tissues.

Helps diagnose a growing number of diseases because it provides superior soft tissue contrast.

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24
Q

Nuclear scan

A

Technique in which a radioactive material (radio pharmaceutical) called a tracer is introduced into the body (inhaled, ingested it injected), and a specialized camera (gamma camera) produces images of organs and structures.

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25
Q

Positron emission tomography (PET)

A

Computed tomography records the positrons (positively charged particles) emitted from a radiopharmaceutical to produce a cross-sectional image of the metabolic activity of body tissues to determine the presence of disease.

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26
Q

Radiography

A

Technique in which xrays are passed through the body or area and captured on a film to generate an image; also called an X-ray

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27
Q

Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)

A

Radiological technique that integrates computed tomography (CT) and a radioactive material (tracer) injected into the bloodstream to visualize blood flow to tissues and organs

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28
Q

Ultrasonography

A

High-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) are directed at soft tissue and reflected “echos” to produce an image on a monitor of an internal body structure; also called ultrasound, sonography, and echo.

Creates real-time moving images.

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29
Q

Biopsy

A

Removal of a representative tissue sample from a body site for microscopic examination, usually to establish a diagnosis.

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30
Q

Excisional

A

Biopsy in which the entire lesion is removed

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31
Q

Incisional

A

Biopsy in which only a small sample of the lesion is removed.

32
Q

Ablation

A

Removal of a body part, pathway or function by surgery, chemical destruction, electrocautery, freezing, or radio frequency

33
Q

Anastomosis

A

Surgical joint of the two ducts, vessels, or vowel segments to allow flow from one to another

34
Q

Curettage

A

Scraping of body cavity with a spoon shaped instrument called curette

35
Q

Electrocauterization

A

Use of an electrically activated instrument to burn and destroy diseased tissue

36
Q

Incision and drainage

A

Incision made to allow the free flow of fluids and pus from a wound, abscess of body cavity.

37
Q

Laser surgery

A

Use of a high intensity laser light beam to remove diseases tissues, to stop bleeding, or for cosmetic surgeries

38
Q

Revision

A

Surgical procedure used to replace or compensate for a previously implanted device or correct an undesirable result or effect of a previous surgery.

39
Q

Cyt/o

A

Cell

40
Q

Hist/o

A

Tissue

41
Q

Kary/o

A

Nucleus

42
Q

Nucle/o

A

Nucleus

43
Q

Anter/o

A

Anterior, front

44
Q

Caud/o

A

Tail

45
Q

Cephal/o

A

Head

46
Q

Dist/o

A

Far, farthest

47
Q

Dors/o

A

Back (of body)

48
Q

Infer/o

A

Lower, below

49
Q

Later/o

A

Side, to one side

50
Q

Medi/o

A

Middle

51
Q

Poster/o

A

Back (of body), behind, posterior

52
Q

Proxim/o

A

Near, nearest

53
Q

Ventr/o

A

Belly, belly side

54
Q

Albin/o

A

White

55
Q

Leuk/o

A

White

Leukocyte - white cell

56
Q

Chrom/o

A

Color

57
Q

Cirrh/o

A

Yellow

58
Q

Jaund/o

A

Yellow

59
Q

Xanth/o

A

Yellow

60
Q

Cyan/o

A

Blue

61
Q

Erythr/o

A

Red

62
Q

Melan/o

A

Black

63
Q

Poli/o

A

Gray; gray matter (of the brain or spinal cord)

64
Q

Radi/o

A

Radiation, X-ray; radius (lower arm bone on thumb side)

65
Q

Tom/o

A

To cut

66
Q

Viscer/o

A

Internal organs

67
Q

Where is the Dorsal Cavity located and what does it contain?

A

Located at the back of the body.

Contains the cranial cavity & the spinal cavity.

68
Q

What does the cranial cavity contain?

A

Formed by the skull; contains the brain

69
Q

What does the spinal cavity contain?

A

Formed by the backbone; contains the spine.

70
Q

What are Meninges

A

Membranes that line the cranial and spinal cavities, and also cover the brain and spinal cord.

71
Q

Where is the Ventral Cavity located and what does it contain?

A

Located in the front of the body; contains the Thoracic and Abdominopelvic cavities.

Abdominopelvic; further divided into the abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity.

72
Q

What does that thoracic cavity contain?

A

It contains the lungs and heart.

73
Q

What does the abdominal cavity contain?

A

It contains the liver, stomach, intestines, and kidneys.

74
Q

What does the pelvic cavity contain?

A

Urinary bladder and reproductive organs

75
Q

Describe the anatomical position

A

Standing erect, facing forward, arms by sides with palms forward, feet parallel to each other

76
Q

State the five levels of organization within the body

A 
Cell 
Tissue 
Organ 
Systems 
Organism
77
Q

Diagnoses

A

Establishing the cause of a disease

Medical Terminology Systems: A Body Systems Approach (7 decks)

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