Chapter 5: Integumentary System

Question 1

What is skin crucial for?

Answer 1

Human survival

Question 2

Body’s Structure

Answer 2

joining forces with the muscular and skeletal systems to build the body’s framework.

Question 3

What is the skin also known as?

Answer 3

The Cutaneous membrane

Question 4

What is the outermost layer of the skin called and what does it obtain?

Answer 4

The Epidermis: contains no blood vessels, obtains oxygen and nutrients by diffusion from the dermal layer beneath it.

Question 5

What is the inner layer of the skin called and what does it contain?

Answer 5

The Dermis: composed of connective tissue, contains mostly collagen fibers, but also contains elastin and reticular fibers. Has an abundance of blood vessels in addition to sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and nerve endings.

Question 6

Papillae

Answer 6

Finger-like projections interlock with downward waves on the bottom of the epidermis, effectively binding the two structures together.

Question 7

What is the layer of subcutaneous tissue beneath the skin called and what is it composed of and its function?

Answer 7

The Hypodermis: made of loose connective (areolar) tissue and adipose tissue, the hypodermis binds the skin to the underlying tissue.

Question 8

What is hypodermis that is mostly composed of adipose tissue called and its function?

Answer 8

Subcutaneous fat, helps insulate the body from outside temp changes; it also acts as an energy reservoir.

Question 9

What is the basal/innermost layer of the Epidermis?

Answer 9

Stratum Basale(or Stratum Germinativum) , consists of a layer of columnar stem cells which continually undergo mitosis producing new skin cells.

Question 10

What is the outermost layer of the Epidermis?

Answer 10

Stratum Corneum, effective barrier, preventing water from entering the body from the outside, consisting of up to 30 layers of dead, flat keratin-coated cells (this makes the skin’s surface durable and resistant to abrasions).

Question 11

Melanocytes

Answer 11

Special cells that produce melanin

Question 12

What are the two types of melanin?

Answer 12

reddish Pheomelanin and a brown-black Eumelanin.

Question 13

A person’s skin color is determined by what?

Answer 13

is determined by the amount, and type of melanin

Question 14

Cyanosis

Answer 14

Skin tone: Blue tint

Cause: A deficiency of O2 in circulating blood

Question 15

Jaundice

Answer 15

Skin Tone: Yellow discoloration of skin and eyes

Cause: Impaired liver function

Question 16

Bronzing

Answer 16

Skin Tone: A golden brown skin color

Cause: Deficiency of hormones from the adrenal gland

Question 17

Albinism

Answer 17

Skin Tone: Extremely pale skin, white hair, pink eyes

Cause: A genetic lack of melanin

Question 18

Pallor

Answer 18

Skin Tone: Pale skin

Cause: Decreased blood flow

Question 19

Bruise(hematoma)

Answer 19

Skin Tone: Bluish, black, or yellowish mark on skin

Cause: The breakdown of clotted blood under skin

Question 20

What are the functions of the skin?

Answer 20

Protection
Barrier
Vitamin D Production
Sensory Perception
Thermoregulation

Question 21

Hair occurs everywhere except?

Answer 21

The palms and soles, lips, nipples, and some areas of the genitals.

Question 22

Shaft

Answer 22

the part of the hair that extends above the skin’s surface

Question 23

Hair Follicle

Answer 23

sheath of epidermis which hair lies within, have a rich nerve and blood supply.

Question 24

Bulb/Root

Answer 24

lowest part of the hair and is where growth occurs, buried in the dermis.