Chapter 1: Orientation to the Human Body

Question 1

Integumentary System

Answer 1

Consists of skin, hair, and nails. Its key functions are: protection, temperature regulation, water retention, and sensation.

Question 2

Skeletal System

Answer 2

Consists of bones, cartilage, and ligaments. Its key functions are: protection of body organs, support, movement, and blood formation.

Question 3

Muscular System

Answer 3

Consists primarily of skeletal muscles. Its key functions are: movement, posture, and heat production.

Question 4

Lymphatic System

Answer 4

Consists of lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, lymph, thymus, spleen, and tonsils. Its key functions are: role in fluid balance, production of immune cells, defense against disease.

Question 5

Respiratory System

Answer 5

Consists of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. Its key functions are: absorption of oxygen, discharge of carbon monoxide, acid-base balance, and speech.

Question 6

Urinary System

Answer 6

Consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. Its key functions are: excretion of wastes, regulation of blood volume and pressure, control of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance.

Question 7

Nervous System

Answer 7

Consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sense organs. Its key functions are: control, regulation, and coordination of other systems, sensation, and memory.

Question 8

Endocrine System

Answer 8

Consists of the pituitary gland, adrenals, pancreas, thyroid, parathyroids, and other organs. Its key functions are: hormone production, control and regulation of other systems.

Question 9

Circulatory System

Answer 9

Consists of the heart, arteries, and capillaries. Its key functions are: distribution of oxygen, nutrients, wastes, hormones, electrolytes, immune cells, and antibodies.

Question 10

Digestive System

Answer 10

Consists of stomach, small and large intestines, esophagus, liver, mouth, and pancreas. Its key functions are: breakdown and absorption of nutrients, elimination of wastes

Question 11

Male Reproductive System

Answer 11

Consists of the testes, vas deferens, prostate, seminal vesicles, and penis. Its key functions are: production and delivery of sperm, secretion of sex hormones.

Question 12

Female Reproductive System

Answer 12

Consists of the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, and breasts. Its key functions are: production of eggs, site of fertilization and fetal development, birth, lactation, secretion of sex hormones.

Question 13

Medial

Answer 13

toward the body’s midline

Question 14

Lateral

Answer 14

away from the body’s midline

Question 15

Proximal

Answer 15

closest to the point of origin

Question 16

Distal

Answer 16

farthest from the point of origin

Question 17

Superior

Answer 17

Above

Question 18

Anterior

Answer 18

Toward the front of the body

Question 19

Deep

Answer 19

away from the body’s surface

Question 20

Inferior

Answer 20

below

Question 21

Superficial

Answer 21

at or near the body’s surface

Question 22

What plane divides the body into left and right portions?

Answer 22

Sagittal plane

Question 23

What plane divides the body horizontally into superior and inferior parts?

Answer 23

Transverse plane

Question 24

What plane divides the body into anterior and posterior parts?

Answer 24

Frontal plane

Question 25

What are the two main body cavities called?

Answer 25

Ventral and Dorsal

Question 26

What two cavities are in the ventral cavity?

Answer 26

The ventral cavity house the thoracic ad abdominopelvic cavities