Chapter 5 Integumentary System

Question 1

Skin, hair, nails, sweat, glands, and Sebaceous (oil) glands

Answer 1

Integumentary system

Question 2

Superficial region
-keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue
-avascular

Answer 2

Epidermis

Question 3

Underlies epidermis
-fibrous connective tissue
-vascular

Answer 3

Dermis

Question 4

Subcutaneous tissue
-not part of skin
-adipose tissue
-anchors skin to underlying structures (muscles)

Answer 4

Hypodermis (superficial fascia)

Question 6

Produce fibrous keratin (protein that gives skin its protective properties)
-major cells of epidermis
-connected by desmosomes

Answer 6

Keratinocytes (epidermis cell)

Question 7

-Spider shape cells in deepest epidermis
-produce pigment melanin
-protect nucleus from UV damage

Answer 7

Melanocytes

Question 8

Star shaped macrophages
-key activators of immune system

Answer 8

Dendritic (langerhans) cells

Question 9

Sensory receptors

Answer 9

Tactile (Merkel) cells

Question 10

Epidermis distinct layers

Answer 10

Thick skin-five layers (strata) -high abrasion areas (hands, feet)

Thin skin- only four strata

Question 11

Deepest (base layer)
-firmly attached to dermis
-single row of stem cells-actively divide(mitotic) -2 daughter cells
-1daughter cell takes 25-45 days to surface
-Also known as stratum germinativum
-10-25% composed of melanocytes

Answer 11

Stratum basale (basal layer)

Question 12

Several cell layers thick
-weblike system of intermediate prekeratin filaments attached to desmosomes
-keratinocytes appear spikey
-scattered among keratinocytes are abundant melanosomes and dendritic cells

Answer 12

Stratum spinosum (prickly layer)

Question 13

Four to 6 cells thick, but cells are flattened
-cell appearance changes
-cells flatten, nuclei and organelles disintegrate
-keratinization begins
-cells above this layer die

Answer 13

Stratum granulosum

Question 14

Found only in thick skin
-thin, translucent band of two to three rows of clear, flat, dead keratinocytes
-lies superficial to the stratum granulosum

Answer 14

Stratum lucidum (clear layer)

Question 15

20/30 rows of flat, anucleated, keratinized dead cells
-Accounts for three quarters of epidermal thickness
-though dead cells still function to protect deeper cells, prevent water lost, abrasions and penetration.
-act as a barrier against biological, chemical, and physical assaults

Answer 15

Stratum corneum (horny layer)

Question 16

Cells change (controlled death)

-dead cells slough off as dandruff and dander

Answer 16

Apoptosis

Question 17

Strong flexible connective tissue
-cells include fibroblasts, macrophages, and occasionally mast cells and white blood cells
-contains nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels
-contains epidermal hair follicles, oil glands and sweat glands

Answer 17

Dermis