Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY WITH PATHOPHYSIOLOGY > Chapter 5: Integumentary System > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

basic facts about skin

A
  • cutaneous membrane
  • 16% of total body weight
  • fist accessory structures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 6 functions of the skin?

A
  1. Protection
  2. Excretion
  3. Production
  4. Synthesis
  5. Storage
  6. Sensation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

against invading pathogens

A

Protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

salts, water, and inorganic wastes

A

Excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

different proteins (melanin, keratin)

A

Production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

vitamin D

A

Synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

temporary storage of fats

A

Storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

detections of touch, pressure, pain, etc.

A

Sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

3 cells of epidermis

A
  1. Keratinocytes
  2. Melanocytes and langerhans
  3. Avascular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

a tough fibrous protein that also forms the structural component of hairs and nails

A

Keratinocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

contains 4 layers of keratinocytes

A

Thin skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

contains 5 layers (found in palms and sole)

A

Thick skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

5 layers of epidermis

A
  1. Stratum corneum
  2. Stratum lucidum
  3. Stratum grabulosum
  4. Stratum spinosum
  5. Stratum basale (Germinativum)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  • Exposed surfaces of both thick and thin skin
  • 15 to 30 layers of keratinocytes
  • Excessive sloughing from the surface is called dandruff
A

Stratum corneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

thick skin of palm and soles

A

Stratum lucidum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

3 to 5 layers derived from stratum spinosum

A

Stratum grabulosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

8 to 10 spiny layers that contains densritic cells

A

stratum spinosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
  • deepest layer
  • forms the epidermal ridges
A

Stratum basale (germinativum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

in skin subjected to friction, number of layers in the stratum cirneum greatly increases, producing a thickened area

A

callus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
  • lies between the epidermis and sucutaneous layer
  • contains the accessory structure
  • contains network of blood vessels and nerve fibers
A

Dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

2 layers of dermis

A
  1. Papillary layer
  2. Reticular layer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
  • consists of areolar tissue
    Contains:
  • capillaries
  • lymphatic vessels
  • sensory nerve fibers that supply the surface of the skin
A

Papillary layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q
  • consists of dense irregular connective tissue
    Contains:
  • collagen (strong and resist stretching)
  • elastic fiber (permits stretching)
A

Reticular layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

3 Accessory structures

A

Hair
Nails
Glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Keratinous filament growingg out of the epidermis

A

Hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Originates in an epidermal penetration of the dermis called_______

A

Hair follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Hair texture (straight, curly) is determined by the shape and strcuture of the _______

A

Cortex and medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the 7 parts of the nail?

A
  1. Free edge
  2. Nail plate
  3. Hyponychium
  4. Nail bed
  5. Lunula
  6. Cuticle
  7. Matrix
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

the end portion of the nail

A

Free edge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

visible portion that rest on the nail bed

A

Nail plate

31
Q

skin under the free edge

A

Hyponychium

32
Q

portion of the skin where nail plates rests

33
Q

seen as a half-moon located at base of nail

34
Q

overlapping skin at the base of the nails

35
Q

where new cells formed

36
Q

3 types of glands

A
  1. Sudoriferous glands (sweat glands)
  2. Sebaceous glands
  3. Ceraminous glands
37
Q

2 types of sweat glands

A
  1. Eccrine sweat glands
  2. Aprocrine sweat glands
38
Q
  • found in every region of the skin
  • produce secretion of water and sodium chloride
A

Eccrine sweat glands

39
Q

Found in axillary and pubic regions

A

Apocrine sweat glands

40
Q

produce an oily secretion known as sebum, carried through ducts to the surface of the skin or to hair follicles

A

Sebaceous glands

41
Q
  • Found only in the dermis of the ear canals
  • Produce a waxy secretion known as cerumen to protect the ear canals and lubricate the eardrum
A

Ceruminous glands

42
Q

• Also known as cornification
• Process of keratin accumulating within keratinocytes
• Begin their life as offspring of the stem cells of the stratum basale

A

Keratinization

43
Q

• Being the body’s outmost organ, the skin is able to regulate the body’s temperature by controlling how the body interacts with its environment

A

Temperature homeostasis

44
Q

secreted to control body temperature

A
  • Sweat
  • Vasodilation
  • Vasoconstriction
45
Q

• An essential vitamin necessary for the absorption of calcium from food, is produced by ultraviolet (UV) light striking the skin
- Sterol molecule known as 7-dehydrocholesterol to calcitriol

46
Q

• Minor mechanical damage from rough or sharp objects is mostly absorbed by the skin before it can damage the underlying tissues

A

Protection

47
Q

3 pigments of skin color

A
  1. Melanin
  2. Carotene
  3. Hemoglobin
48
Q

Brown or black pigment produced by melanocytes to protect skin from UV radiation

49
Q

yellow or orange cast

50
Q

red pigment found in red blood cells

A

Hemoglobin

51
Q

• Skin allows the body to sense its external environment by picking up signals for touch, pressure, vibration, temperature, and pain

A

Cutaneous sensation

52
Q

6 common integumentary diseases

A
  1. Contact dermatitis
  2. Blisters
  3. Skin cancer (melanoma)
  4. Skin infections (cellulitis)
  5. Skin rashes (dry skin)
  6. Skin disorders (acne, eczema, psoriasis)
53
Q

over a bony prominence, the stratum corneum can thicken to form a cone-shaped structure

54
Q

skin is overstretched

A

Stretch marks

55
Q

upper part of the dermis which extend toward the spidermis

A

dermal papillae

56
Q

Drawing the skin taut and inserting a small needle at a shallow angle into the dermis; tuberculin test

A

Intradermal injection

57
Q

pinching the skin to form a tent and inserting a short needle into the adipose tissue of the subcutaneous tissue; insulin injection

A

Subcutaneous injection

58
Q

Inserting a long needle at a 90-degree angle to the skin into a muscle deep to the subcutaneous tissue; used for vaccines and certain antibiotics

A

Intramuscular injection

59
Q
  • produces melanin
  • determined by genetic factors, exposure to light, and hormones
A

Melanocytes

60
Q
  • within melanocytes
  • golgi apparatuses package melanin into vesicles
A

melanosomes

61
Q

recessive genetic trait that causes a deficiency or an absence of melain
- fair skin, white hair, unpigmented irises in the eyes

62
Q

Decrease in the blood o2 content produces a bluish color of the skin

63
Q

yellowish skin color
- liver is damaged by a disease such as viral hepatitis

64
Q
  • injury to a tissue caused by heat, cold, friction, chemicals, elextricity, or radiation
65
Q
  • part of the stratum basale remains viable, regeneration of the epidermis occurs from within the burn area, as well as from the edges of the burn
A

Partial-thickness burns

66
Q
  • only the epidermis are red and painful
  • slight edema or swelling may be present
  • caused by sunburn or brief exposure to very hot or very cold objects
  • heal without scarring in about a week
A

first-degree burns

67
Q
  • damages both the epidermis and the dermis
  • If dermal damage is minimal – redness, pain, edema, and blisters
  • Healing = 2 weeks, no scarring results
  • If the burn goes deep into the dermis – wound appears red, tan, or white
  • Heal = take several months
  • Might scar
  • Epidermis, including the stratum basale where stem cells are found, is damaged
A

Second-degree burns

68
Q
  • Appear white, tan, brown, black, or deep cherry red
  • Take a long time to heal and form scar tissue with disfiguring and debilitating wound contracture
A

full-thickness/third-degree burns

69
Q

most frequest type of cancer; begins with cells in the stratum basale and extends into the dermis to produce an open ulcer

A

Basal cell carcinoma

70
Q

develops from cells immediately superficial to the stratum basale

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

71
Q
  • rare form of skincamcer that arises from melanocytes, usually in a preexisting mole
A

Malignant melanoma

72
Q
  • longer wave length- tanning of the skin
  • development of malignant melanoma
73
Q
  • causes most burning of the skin
  • development of basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas

HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY WITH PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions