Chapter 5: Integumentary System Flashcards
basic facts about skin
- cutaneous membrane
- 16% of total body weight
- fist accessory structures
What are the 6 functions of the skin?
- Protection
- Excretion
- Production
- Synthesis
- Storage
- Sensation
against invading pathogens
Protection
salts, water, and inorganic wastes
Excretion
different proteins (melanin, keratin)
Production
vitamin D
Synthesis
temporary storage of fats
Storage
detections of touch, pressure, pain, etc.
Sensation
3 cells of epidermis
- Keratinocytes
- Melanocytes and langerhans
- Avascular
a tough fibrous protein that also forms the structural component of hairs and nails
Keratinocytes
contains 4 layers of keratinocytes
Thin skin
contains 5 layers (found in palms and sole)
Thick skin
5 layers of epidermis
- Stratum corneum
- Stratum lucidum
- Stratum grabulosum
- Stratum spinosum
- Stratum basale (Germinativum)
- Exposed surfaces of both thick and thin skin
- 15 to 30 layers of keratinocytes
- Excessive sloughing from the surface is called dandruff
Stratum corneum
thick skin of palm and soles
Stratum lucidum
3 to 5 layers derived from stratum spinosum
Stratum grabulosum
8 to 10 spiny layers that contains densritic cells
stratum spinosum
- deepest layer
- forms the epidermal ridges
Stratum basale (germinativum)
in skin subjected to friction, number of layers in the stratum cirneum greatly increases, producing a thickened area
callus
- lies between the epidermis and sucutaneous layer
- contains the accessory structure
- contains network of blood vessels and nerve fibers
Dermis
2 layers of dermis
- Papillary layer
- Reticular layer
- consists of areolar tissue
Contains: - capillaries
- lymphatic vessels
- sensory nerve fibers that supply the surface of the skin
Papillary layer
- consists of dense irregular connective tissue
Contains: - collagen (strong and resist stretching)
- elastic fiber (permits stretching)
Reticular layer
3 Accessory structures
Hair
Nails
Glands
Keratinous filament growingg out of the epidermis
Hair
Originates in an epidermal penetration of the dermis called_______
Hair follicle
Hair texture (straight, curly) is determined by the shape and strcuture of the _______
Cortex and medulla
What are the 7 parts of the nail?
- Free edge
- Nail plate
- Hyponychium
- Nail bed
- Lunula
- Cuticle
- Matrix
the end portion of the nail
Free edge