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HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY WITH PATHOPHYSIOLOGY > Chapter 4: Body Tissues > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Body Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 types of body tissues?

A
  1. Epithelial tissue
  2. Connective tissue
  3. Muscle tissue
  4. Nervous tissue
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2
Q
  • Found in body linings, glandular tissue
A

Epithelial

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3
Q
  • Cells fit closely together
  • Regenerate easily if well nourished
  • Avascular (have no blood supply)
A

Epithelial

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4
Q

What are the functions of epithelial tissue?

A

Protection
Absorption
Filtration
Secretion

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5
Q

In epithelial tissue, what is the lower surface bounded by?

A

Basement membrane or a structure-less material secreted by the cells

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6
Q

What are the classification of epithelial cell, in terms of the NUMBER OF CELL LAYER?

A

Simple and Stratified

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7
Q

Single layer of cells

A

Simple

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8
Q

Multiple tiers of cells

A

Stratified

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9
Q

What are the classifications of epithelial tissue, in terms of the SHAPE OF TH CELLS?

A

Cuboidal
Columnar
Squamous

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10
Q

cubic shape like dice

A

Cuboidal

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11
Q

Column shape like brick

A

Columnar

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12
Q

Flat shape like floor tiles

A

Squamous

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13
Q
  • Single layer of flat cells
  • Usually forms membranes where filtration or exchange occurs
  • Lines body cavities – serous membranes
  • Lines lungs and capillaries
A

Simple squamous epithelium

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14
Q

Simple squamous epithelium

A
  • Single layer of flat cells
  • Filtration or exchange occurs
  • Forms body linings to cavities - serous membrane
  • Linings to lungs and capillaries
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15
Q
  • Single layer of cube-like cells
  • Common in gland and their ducts
  • Forms walls of kidney tubules
  • Covers the ovaries
A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

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16
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium

A
  • single layer of cube-like cells
  • common in glands and their ducts
  • forms walls in kidney tubules
  • covers ovaries
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17
Q
  • Single layer of tall cells that fit closely together
  • Common in gland and their ducts
  • Often includes goblet cells, which produce mucus
  • Lines digestive tract
  • Mucosae – mucous membranes line body cavities open to the body exterior
A

Simple columnar epithelium

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18
Q

Simple columnar epithelium

A
  • single layers of tall cells which fits closely together
  • lines digestive tract
  • common in glands and their ducts
  • includes goblet cells, which produces mucus
  • Mucosae - mucous membrane lines body cavities open to the body exterior
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19
Q
  • Single layer, but some cells are shorter than others
  • Often looks like a double cell layer
  • Sometimes ciliated, such as in the respiratory tract
  • May function in absorption or secretion
A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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20
Q

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A
  • single layer, but some cells looks shorter than others
  • often looks like double cell layer
  • sometimes ciliated, such as in the respiratory tract
  • may function in absorption or secretion
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21
Q
  • Cells at the free edge are flattened while cells close to the basement membrane are cuboidal or columnar
  • Found as a protective covering where friction is common
  • Locations: skin, mouth, esophagus
A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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22
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium

A
  • cells at the free edge are flat cells but cells near the basement membrane are cuboidal or columnar
  • protective covering where friction is common
  • location: skin, mouth, esophagus
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23
Q

Two layers of cuboidal cells

A

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

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24
Q

surface cells are columnar cells underneath vary in size and shape

A

Stratified columnar epithelium

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25
Q
  • found mainly in ducts of large glands
  • rare in human body
A

Stratified cuboidal and columnar epithelium

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26
Q
  • Shape of cells depends upon the amount of stretching
  • Cells of the basal layers are cuboidal or columnar while those at the free surface vary
  • Lines organs of the urinary system
A

Transitional epithelium

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27
Q

Glands are specialized cells that give out specific secretions

A

glandular epithelium

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28
Q

No duct system

A

Endocrine

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29
Q

to release products

A

Exocrine

30
Q

What are the 10 types of epithelial tissue?

A
  1. Simple Squamous Epithelium
  2. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
  3. Simple Columnar Epithelium
  4. Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
  5. Stratified Squamous Epithelium
  6. Stratified Coboidal Epithelium
  7. Stratified Columnar Epithelium
  8. Stratified Cuboidal and Columnar Epithelium
  9. Transitional Epithelium
  10. Glandular Epithelium
31
Q
  • extracellular fibers
  • amorphous matrix: ground substance
  • stationary and migrating cells
A

Connective tissue

32
Q

What are the functions of connective tissue?

A
  1. Binds body tissues together
  2. Supports the body
  3. Protection
33
Q

What are the 3 components of connective tissue?

A
  1. Extracellular fibers
  2. Ground substance
  3. Cells of connective tissue
34
Q

Non-living material that surrounds the living cell

A

Extracellular fibers

35
Q

Mosly water along with adhesion proteins and polysaccharide molecules

A

Ground substance

36
Q
  • Stationary and migrating cells
A

Cells of connective tissue

37
Q

What are the two types of stationary cells?

A
  1. Fibroblasts
  2. Adipose
38
Q

What are the 6 types of migrating cells?

A
  1. Mast cells
  2. Macrophages
  3. Monocytes
  4. Lymphocytes
  5. Plasma cells
  6. Eosinophils
39
Q

9 locations of connective tissue

A
  1. Bone
  2. Hyaline cartilage
  3. Fibrocartilage
  4. Elastic cartilage
  5. Dense connective tissue
  6. Areolar connective tissue
  7. Adipose tissue
  8. Reticular connective tissue
  9. Blood
40
Q

used to protect and support the body

A

Bone

41
Q

Composed of:
- bone cells in lacunae (cavities)
- hard matrix of calcium salts
- large number of collagen fibers

A

bone

42
Q

most comon cartilage, entire fetal skeleton

A

hyaline cartilage

43
Q

Composed of:
- abundant collagen fibers
- rubbery matrix

A

Hyaline cartilage

44
Q

highly compressible

A

Fibrocartilage

45
Q

Forms cushion-like discs between vertebrae

A

Fibrocartilage

46
Q

Provides elasticity

A

Elastic cartilage

47
Q

supports the external ear

A

Elastic cartilage

48
Q
  • main matrix elements is collagen fibers
  • crowded between are fibroblasts
A

Dense connective tissue

49
Q

Attach muscle to bone

A

Tendon

50
Q

Attach bone to bone

A

Ligaments

51
Q

universal packaging tissue and connective tissue glue

A

Areolar connective tissue

52
Q
  • most widely distributed connective tissue
  • soft, pliable tissue
  • contains all fiber types
  • can soak up excess fluid
A

Areolar connective tissue

53
Q
  • matrix is an areolar tissue in which fat globules predominate
  • many cells contain large lipid deposits
A

Adipose tissue

54
Q

adipose tissue functions:

A

insulate
protects some organs
serve as a site of fuel storage

55
Q

Delicate network of interwoven fibers
- forms stroma (internal supporting network of lymphoid organs)

A

Reticular connective tissue

56
Q
  • lymph nodes
  • spleen
  • bone marrow
A

Reticular connective tissue

57
Q

transport vehicle for materials
- surrounded by fluid matrix
- fibers are visible during clotting

A

Blood

58
Q

makes up 40% of a mammal’s body weight
composed of elongated cells

A

Muscle

59
Q

what are the functions of muscle tissues?

A

For movement and locomotion

60
Q

3 types of muscle tissue

A
  1. Skeletal
  2. Cardiac
  3. Smooth
61
Q
  • attached to bones or (some facial muscles) to skin
A

Skeletal

62
Q
  • single
  • very long
  • cylindrical
  • multinucleate cells with obvious striations
A

Skeletal

63
Q

walls of the heart

A

Cardiac

64
Q

branching chains of cells uni-or binucleate striations

A

Cardiac

65
Q

Single-unit muscle in walls of hollow vinceral organs
Multiunit muscle in intrinsic eye muscles, airways, large arteries

A

Smooth

66
Q

single, fusiform, uninucleate; no striations

A

Smooth

67
Q

neurons and nerve supporting cells (those that insulate, support, and protect neurons)

A

Nervous

68
Q

What are the functions of nervous tissues?

A

To receive and send impulse to other areas of the body:
- irritability
- conductivity

69
Q

3 types of tissue repair

A
  1. Regeneration
  2. Fibrosis
  3. Determination of method
70
Q

Replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells

A

Regeneration

71
Q

Repair by dense fibrous connective tissue (scar tissue)

A

Fibrosis

72
Q

2 determination of method

A
  1. type of tissue damaged
  2. severity of the injury

HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY WITH PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (7 decks)

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