Chapter 5 - Human Movement System

Question 0

Superior

Answer 0

Positioned above a point of reference.

Question 1

Biomechanics

Answer 1

The science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces.

Question 2

Inferior

Answer 2

Positioned below a point of reference

Question 3

Proximal

Answer 3

Positioned nearest the center of the body, or point of reference

Question 4

Distal

Answer 4

Positioned farthest from the center of the body, or point of reference.

Question 5

Anterior (or ventral)

Answer 5

On the front of the body.

Question 6

Posterior (or distal)

Answer 6

On the back of the body.

Question 7

Medial

Answer 7

Positioned near the middle of the body.

Question 8

Lateral

Answer 8

Positioned toward the outside of the body.

Question 9

Contralateral

Answer 9

Positioned on the opposite side of the body.

Question 10

Ipsilateral

Answer 10

Positioned on the same side of the body.

Question 11

Anatomic position

Answer 11

The position with the body erect with the arms at the sides and the palms forward. The anatomic position is of importance in anatomy because it is the position of reference for anatomic nomenclature. Anatomic terms such as anterior and poster, medial and lateral, and abduction and adduction apply to the body when it is in the anatomic position.

Question 12

Sagittal plane

Answer 12

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into left and right halves.

Forward and backwards movements
flexion and extension
biceps curls, front lunges

Question 13

Flexion

Answer 13

A bending movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments decreases.

Question 14

Extension

Answer 14

A straightening movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments increases.

Question 15

Frontal plane

Answer 15

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into front and back halves.

side to side movements
abduction and adduction to the limbs
side lunges

Question 16

Abduction

Answer 16

A movement in the frontal plan away from the midline of the body.

Question 17

Adduction

Answer 17

Movement in the frontal plane back toward the midline of the body.

Question 18

Transverse plane

Answer 18

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into top and bottom halves.

rotational and diagonal movements
rotations

Question 19

Internal rotation

Answer 19

Rotation of a joint toward the middle of the body.

Question 20

External rotation

Answer 20

Rotation of a joint away from the middle of the body.

Question 21

Eccentric muscle action

Answer 21

An eccentric muscle action occurs when a muscle develops tension while lengthening.

Question 22

Isotonic

Answer 22

Force is produced, muscle tension is developed, and movement occurs through a given range of motion

Question 23

Eccentric

Answer 23

Moving in the same direction as the resistance

Decelerates or reduces force

Question 24

Concentric

Answer 24

Moving in opposite direction of force

Accelerates or produces force

Question 25

Isometric

Answer 25

No visible movement with or against resistance

Dynamically stabilizes force

Question 26

Isokinetic

Answer 26

The speed of movement is fixed, and resistance varies with the force exerted
Requires sophisticated training equipment often seen in rehabilitation or exercise physiology laboratories

Question 27

Concentric muscle action

Answer 27

When a muscle is exerting force greater than the resistive force, resulting in shortening of the muscle.

Question 28

Isometric muscle action

Answer 28

When a muscle is exerting force equal to the force being placed on it leading to no visible change in the muscle length.

Question 29

Isokinetic muscle action

Answer 29

When a muscle shortens at a constant speed over the full range of motion.

Question 30

Force

Answer 30

An influence applied by one object to another, which results in an acceleration or deceleration of the second object.