Chapter 4 - Exercise Metabolism and Bioenergetics

Question 0

Metabolism

Answer 0

All of the chemical reactions that occur in the body to maintain itself. Metabolism is the process in which nutrients are acquired, transported, used, and disposed of by the body.

Question 1

Bioenergetics

Answer 1

The study of energy in the human body.

Question 2

Exercise Metabolism

Answer 2

The examination of bioenergetics as it relates to the unique physiologic changes and demands placed on the body during exercise.

Question 3

Substrates

Answer 3

The material or substance on which an enzyme acts.

Question 4

Carbohydrates

Answer 4

Organic compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, which include starches, cellulose, and sugars, and are an important source of energy. All carbohydrates are eventually broken down in the body to glucose, a simple sugar.

Question 5

Glucose

Answer 5

A simple sugar manufactured by the body from carbohydrates, fat, and to a lesser extent protein, which serves as the body’s main source of fuel.

Question 6

Glycogen

Answer 6

The complex carbohydrate molecule used to store carbohydrates in the liver and muscle cells. When carbohydrate energy is needed, glycogen is converted into glucose for use by the muscle cells.

Question 7

Fat

Answer 7

One of the three main classes of foods and a source of energy in the body. Fats help the body use some vitamins and keep the skin healthy. They also serve as energy stores for the body. In food, there are two types of fats, saturated and unsaturated.

Question 8

Triglycerides

Answer 8

The chemical or substrate form in which most fat exists in food as well as in the body.

Question 9

Protein

Answer 9

Amino acids linked by peptide bonds, which consist of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and usually sulfur, and that have several essential biologic compounds.

Question 10

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 10

The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources, such as amino acids.

Question 11

Adenosine triphosphate ATP

Answer 11

Energy storage and transfer unit within the cells of the body.

Question 12

Adenosine diphosphate

Answer 12

A high-energy compound occurring in all cells from which adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is formed.

Question 13

ATP-PC System

Answer 13

• Once ATP has been used, it must be replenished before it can provide energy again.
• ATP-PC system is the simplest and fastest of the energy systems
• provides energy for primarily high-intensity, short-duration bouts of exercise or activity.

Question 14

Glycoysis

Answer 14

• anaerobic means of producing ATP is through the chemical breakdown of glucose
• the process of glycolysis does not begin until either glycogen is broken down into glucose-6-phosphate
• end result of glycolysis in which glucose or glycogen is broken down to either pyruvic acid

Question 15

The Oxidative System

Answer 15

the process that uses substrates with the aid of oxygen to generate ATP.

Question 16

b-oxidation

Answer 16

The breakdown of triglycerides into smaller subunits called free fatty acids (FFAs) to convert FFAs into acyl-CoA moleculles, which then are available to enter the Krebs cycle and ultimately lead to the production of additional ATP.

Question 17

Excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)

Answer 17

The state in which the body’s metabolism is elevate after exercise.

Question 18

The Myth of the Fat-Burning Zone

Answer 18

The thought is that people bur more fat at lower-intensity exercise because such easy work does not require getting energy quickly from carbohydrates.