Chapter 5: Human Body Flashcards
1
Q
anatomic position is when the patient stands facing _____, arms at the _____, and palms _____
A
anatomic position is when the patient stands facing you, arms at the side, and palms forward
2
Q
list the three planes of the body
A
- coronal plane
- transverse (axial plane)
- sagittal
3
Q
the coronal place separates the body into
A
front and back
4
Q
the transverse or axial plane separates the body into
A
top and bottom
5
Q
the sagittal plane separates the body into
A
left and right
6
Q
the front of the body is known as ______ or ______
A
anterior or ventral
7
Q
the back of the body is known as ______ or _______
A
posterior or dorsal
8
Q
______ = closest to the head
A
superior
9
Q
______ = closest to the feet
A
inferior
10
Q
______ is closest to the point of attachment
A
proximal
11
Q
______ is furthest from the point of attachment
A
distal
12
Q
_____ is closest to the midline
A
medial
13
Q
_______ is furthest from the midline
A
lateral
14
Q
_______ is closest to the surface of the skin
A
superficial
15
Q
____ is farthest from the surface of the skin
A
deep
16
Q
______ is the bending of a joint
A
flexion
17
Q
______ is the straightening of a joint
A
extension
18
Q
______ is the motion toward the midline
A
adduction
19
Q
_____ is the motion away from the midline
A
abduction
20
Q
_____ is face up
A
supine
21
Q
______ is face down
A
prone
22
Q
the shock position is a modified _______ with feet _____ inches higher than the _____
A
the shock position is a modified trendelenburg with feet 6-12 inches higher than the head
23
Q
______ position is sitting up with knees bent
A
fowler’s position
24
Q
_____ position is on the left side
A
recovery
25
list the five functions of the skeletal system
1. form of the body
2. protection of organs
3. movement
4. calcium storage
5. creation of blood cells
26
ligaments connect ____ to ______
bone to bone
27
tendons connect ____ to ______
bone to muscle
28
the axial skeleton is made up of what three things
skull, spinal column, thorax
29
skull is made up of the _____ and ______
cranium (4 bones) and the facial bones (14 bones)
30
the ______ is the opening into the base of the skull where the spinal column enters
foramen magnum
31
the spinal column has _____ vertebrae
33
32
list the 5 sections of the spinal column and the number of vertebrae in each
1. cervical 7
2. thoracic 12
3. lumbar 5
4. sacrum 5 fused
5. coccyx 4 fused
33
the thorax contains the _______, _____, ______, and ______
heart, lungs, esophagus, and great vessels
34
appendicular skeleton consists of the
1.
2.
3.
1. upper extremity
2. pelvis
3. lower extremity
35
in the upper extremity is the
1.
2.
3.
1. shoulder
2. arm
3. wrist and hand
36
the shoulder is made of what 3 bones
clavicle, scapula, and humerus
37
the arm is made of what three bones
humerus, radius (lateral) and ulna (medial)
38
the wrist and hand are made of _____, ____, and ____
carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges
39
the pelvis consists of the ____ and 2 _____
sacrum and two pelvic bones
40
```
the lower extremity consists of the
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
```
1. femur
2. knee
3. lower leg
4. ankle
5. foot
41
the lower leg consists of the _____ and ______
tibia and fibula (lateral)
42
the ankle is a ____ joint meaning it has ___ plane of motion
the ankle is a hinge joint meaning it has one plane of motion
43
ball and socket joints like the _____ have ____ and ____
ball and socket joints like the shoulder have rotation and bending
44
the musculoskeletal system gives ____, _____, and _____
form, posture, and movement
45
there are ____ muscles that attach to the skeleton
600
46
the _____ separates the upper airway from the lower airway
larynx
47
the right lung has ___ lobes and the left has ____
R lung - 3 lobes
| L lung - 2 lobes
48
function of respiratory system is to provide ___ and eliminate _____
provide oxygen and eliminate CO2
49
respiration is _____
gas exchange
50
ventilation is the _____
movement of air
51
_____ is the amount of air in each breath (normal rate and depth)
TV - tidal volume
52
the systemic system brings oxygen rich blood from the ____ through the ___ and to the ____
oxygen rich blood from the LV through the body and to the RA
53
the pulmonary system brings oxygen poor blood from the ____ through the ____ and to the _____
oxygen poor blood from the RV through the lungs and to the LA
54
pulmonary arteries are ______ blood
deoxygenated
55
pulmonary veins are ______ blood
oxygenated
56
normal resting heart rate is
60-100 BPM
57
___ is the amount of blood moved in one beat
SV
58
___ is the amount of blood moved in 1 min
CO
59
CO = _____ *______
CO = SV *HR
60
the body moves ___ liters of blood in one minute
5-6
61
____ is the LV contracting into the aorta
systole
62
___ is the LV relaxing and filling with blood
diastole
63
the spleen is in the _____ and filters ____
LUQ and filters blood
64
the _____ is considered the most complex body system
nervous system
65
the nervous system is comprised of
1.
2.
3.
1. brain
2. spinal cord
3. nerves
66
the liver, gallbladder, and colon are in the ____
RUQ
67
the appendix is in the
RLQ
68
the stomach, spleen, and colon are in the
LUQ
69
______ is soft, semiflexible material that is within joints
cartilage
70
____ covers the lungs
pleura
71
the skeleton consists of ____ bones, ligaments, tendons, and cartilage
206 bones
72
list the three types of muscle
cardiac, smooth, and skeletal
73
list the 7 air passages of the respiratory system
1. nose
2. mouth
3. throat
4. larynx
5. trachea
6. bronchi
7. bronchioles
74
```
the respiratory system also includes
1.
2.
3.
4.
```
1. lungs
2. diaphragm
3. muscles of the chest wall
4. accessory muscles of breathing
75
```
the circulatory system includes
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
```
1. arteries
2. arterioles
3. capillaries
4. venules
5. veins
76
the ______ is the largest organ
integumentary system
77
functions of the integumentary system
1.
2.
3.
1. protection
2. temperature control
3. transmission of information to brain
78
```
the digestive system includes the
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
```
1. gi tract (stomach and intestines)
2. mouth
3. salivary glands
4. pharynx
5. esophagus
6. liver
7. gall bladder
8. pancreas
9. rectum
10. anus
79
______ is the study of how the body reacts to disease
pathophysiology
80
_____ can only proceed with oxygen
aerobic metabolism
81
____ can occur without the presence of oxygen and produces ____
anaerobic metabolism, produces ATP
82
the portion of the thorax that is anterior and midline is referred to as the
manubrium, xiphoid process, and sternum
83
the _____ divides the abdomen from the thorax, contracts to allow air to be drawn into the lungs, and forces air out during relaxation
diaphragm
84
the intestines have ____ muscle
smooth
85
brain stem uses the level of ____ in the blood stream to control respirations
CO2
86
the blood vessel that returns to the heart with oxygen rich blood
pulmonary vein
87
the most muscular chamber of the heart
left ventricle
88
cranial nerves are a part of the ___ NS
PNS
89
the brain controls the body through the endocrine system by controlling the release of
hormones
90
total lung capacity of the average adult male is ____ mL
6000
91
the circulation of blood in an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells current needs is called
perfusion
