Chapter 14: CV Emergencies

Question 1

Which of the following ways to help reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths is false?

a. early access
b. increased number of laypeople trained in CPR
c. nitroglycerin available for laypeople and EMTs to give on arrival
d. public access defibrillation

Answer 1

c. nitroglycerin available for laypeople and EMTs to give on arrival

Question 2

Chest pain or discomfort that is related to the heart usually stems from a condition called ischemia or:

Answer 2

insufficient oxygen

Question 3

An acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a classic heart attack. Infarction is:

Answer 3

death of tissue

Question 4

Generally speaking, most patients with chest pain should be transported:

Answer 4

immediately

Question 5

If a pacemaker does not function properly, as when the battery wears out, the patient may experience syncope, presenting with a pulse less than:

Answer 5

60 BPM

Question 6

When an error occurs while using an AED, it is usually the operator’s fault. The most common error is:

Answer 6

not having charged the battery

Question 7

If you are transporting a patient while performing CPR, before you can use an AED in the ambulance you must:

Answer 7

stop the vehicle

Question 8

If you are en route with a conscious adult patient who is having chest pain and becomes unconscious, the first step is to:

Answer 8

check pulse

Question 9

The disorder in which calcium and cholesterol build up and form a plaque inside the walls of blood vessels is called:

Answer 9

atherosclerosis

Question 10

Before administering nitroglycerin, it is important to ensure that the patient’s systolic blood pressure is greater than ________ mm Hg.

Answer 10

100

Question 11

hearts job is to

Answer 11

pump blood to supply oxygen enriched RBC to tissues of the body

Question 12

____ receive incoming blood

Answer 12

atrium

Question 13

____ pump outgoing blood

Answer 13

ventricle

Question 14

R side of heart pumps ___ blood to the ____

Answer 14

deoxy blood to lungs

Question 15

L side of heart pumps ____ blood to the ____

Answer 15

oxy blood to the body

Question 16

the ____ receives blood from the LV and delivers it to all other arteries

Answer 16

aorta

Question 17

the pulmonary artery has ___ blood

Answer 17

deoxygenated

Question 18

the pulmonary vein has ____ blood

Answer 18

oxygenated

Question 19

____ is cardiac muscle

Answer 19

myocardium

Question 20

_____ is spontaneous contraction of myocardium

Answer 20

automaticity

Question 21

impulses come from the ___ node

Answer 21

sinoatrial (SA)

Question 22

if the demand for oxygen of the heart INC the coronary arteries ____

Answer 22

dilate

Question 23

____ controls involuntary activities of the body

Answer 23

ANS

Question 24

ANS is broken into ____ and ____

Answer 24

SNS and parasympathetic NS

Question 25

the SNS is ____/____

Answer 25

fight/flight

Question 26

the SNS: - ____ HR - ____ breaths/min - _____ BV in muscles - _____ BV in digestive system

Answer 26

- INC HR - INC breaths/min - dilates BV in muscles - constricts BV in digestive system

Question 27

the parasympathetic NS: - ____ HR - ____ breaths/min - _____ BV in muscles - _____ BV in digestive system

Answer 27

- DEC HR - DEC breaths/min - constricts BV in muscles - dilates BV in digestive system

Question 28

___ describes the volume of blood ejected with each ventricular contraction

Answer 28

SV

Question 29

INC SV = INC ____

Answer 29

CO

Question 30

____ are the BV that supply blood to the heart muscle

Answer 30

coronary arteries

Question 31

RCA supplies blood to the

Answer 31

RV

Question 32

LCA feeds the

Answer 32

LV

Question 33

superior vena cava caries deoxy blood from ____ to ___ back to the RA

Answer 33

head to arms

Question 34

inferior vena cava carries deoxy blood from ____, ____, and ____ back to the RA

Answer 34

abdomen, kidneys, and legs

Question 35

plasma is __% of blood

Answer 35

55

Question 36

___ is the volume of blood that passes through the heart in 1 min

Answer 36

CO

Question 37

____ is a blood clot that floats through the BV

Answer 37

thromboembolism

Question 38

an AMI is a ____ caused by a clot in the coronary artery

Answer 38

heart attack

Question 39

an AMI has chest pain that does not

Answer 39

change with breathing

Question 40

_____ is a group of symptoms caused by myocardial ischemia that results in angina pectoris or AMI

Answer 40

acute coronary syndrome (ACS)

Question 41

_____ occurs when the hearts need for oxygen exceeds the available supply, usually during physical or emotional stress

Answer 41

angina pectoris

Question 42

angina pectoris is _____

Answer 42

predictable

Question 43

____ angina responds to fewer stimuli than ordinarily required to produce angina

Answer 43

unstable

Question 44

____ angina responds to rest or nitroglycerin

Answer 44

stable

Question 45

3 serious consequences of AMI

Answer 45

1. sudden death 2. cardiogenic shock 3. CHF

Question 46

pain of AMI signals the _____ of cells in the area of the heart where blood blow is obstructed

Answer 46

actual death

Question 47

an AMI is

Answer 47

sudden

Question 48

____ is abnormality of the heart rhythm

Answer 48

arrhythmia

Question 49

premature ventricular contractions are ____ in a damaged ventricle

Answer 49

extra beats

Question 50

ventricular tachycardia is ___ with ____ beats/min

Answer 50

rapid with 150-200 beats/min

Question 51

ventricular fibrillation is the

Answer 51

disorganized, ineffective quivering of ventricles

Question 52

____ is the absence of all heart electrical activity

Answer 52

asystole

Question 53

_____ occurs when body tissues do not get enough oxygen, due to hearts inability to pump blood with enough force

Answer 53

cardiogenic shock

Question 54

cardiogenic shock is often caused by

Answer 54

heart attack

Question 55

CHF usually occurs within a few days of

Answer 55

heart attack

Question 56

____ is INC HR, enlargement of LV that can no longer make up for DEC heart function

Answer 56

CHF

Question 57

with CHF ____ often occurs once heart fails to pump effectively

Answer 57

pulmonary edema

Question 58

______ occur when the systolic BP is higher than 160 or there is a rapid INC in systolic BP

Answer 58

hypertensive emergenices

Question 59

sign of hypertensive emergency

Answer 59

sudden severe headache

Question 60

_____ is a weakness in the wall of the aorta that is susceptible to rupture

Answer 60

aortic aneurysm

Question 61

aortic aneurysm causes

Answer 61

sudden chest pain

Question 62

with a _____ the inner layers of the aorta become separated

Answer 62

dissecting anuerysm

Question 63

uncontrolled _____ is a primary cause of aortic aneurysm

Answer 63

hypertension

Question 64

nitroglycerin is a - ______ - _____ blood flow and oxygen to heart - _____ work load of heart

Answer 64

nitroglycerin is a - vasodilator - INC blood flow and oxygen to heart - DEC work load of heart

Question 65

cardiac arrest is indicated by lack of

Answer 65

carotid pulse

Question 66

L side of heart receives oxygenated blood from

Answer 66

lungs

Question 67

chest pain is a result of ____ blood flow through the coronary artery

Answer 67

insufficient blood flow

Question 68

pain from angina lasts ___ min

Answer 68

3-8

Question 69

AMI is more prone to occur in the ___ ventricle

Answer 69

L

Question 70

____ of AMI patients do not reach the hospital due to sudden death

Answer 70

40%