Chapter 16: GI and Urologic Emergencies

Question 1

Remember that the patient is in pain and is probably anxious; he or she requires all your skills of rapid assessment and:

Answer 1

emotional support

Question 2

Diverticulitis occurs in which quadrant?

Answer 2

LLQ

Question 3

An aortic aneurysm will occur in which area of the body?

Answer 3

lower back and lower quadrants

Question 4

When forming a general impression of the patient during the initial assessment, which important “scale” information should be included?

Answer 4

AVPU

Question 5

Use OPQRST to ask the patient what makes the pain better or worse. The “S” stands for:

Answer 5

severity of pain

Question 6

During the baseline vital sign check, the last vital sign to change is:

Answer 6

blood pressure

Question 7

Remember, the condition of a patient with an acute abdomen can change:

Answer 7

rapidly from stable to unstable

Question 8

During the focused physical exam, the first step listed to assess the abdomen is:

Answer 8

explain to the patient what you are about to do

Question 9

Where will you find localization of pain for a patient with a kidney stone?

Answer 9

radiating to the genitalia

Question 10

A bladder infection called cystitis is more common than kidney infection, especially in women. Patients with cystitis usually have ____ pain

Answer 10

lower abdominal

Question 11

When the waste product that is normally excreted into the urine remains in the blood, this can lead to

Answer 11

uremia

Question 12

The type of pain where the patient experiences tenderness when direct pressure is applied but severe pain when that pressure is released is called:

Answer 12

rebound tenderness

Question 13

In which condition does the junction between the esophagus and the stomach tear, causing severe bleeding and potentially death?

Answer 13

mallory-weiss syndrome

Question 14

3 systems in the abdominal cavity

Answer 14

GI, reproductive, urinary

Question 15

the abdominal cavity contains __ and ___ organs

Answer 15

solid and hollow

Question 16

the liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys and ovaries are ___ organs

Answer 16

solid

Question 17

the gall bladder, stomach, SI, LI, and urinary bladder are __ organs

Answer 17

hollow

Question 18

an injury to a solid organ will cause

Answer 18

shock and bleeding

Question 19

breach into a hollow organ will cause

Answer 19

contents to leak and contaminate the abdominal cavity

Question 20

function of the GI system

Answer 20

digestion

Question 21

digestion begins when

Answer 21

food is put into the mouth and chewed

Question 22

the ___ is the main organ of the digestive system

Answer 22

stomach

Question 23

the liver aids in

Answer 23

digestion

Question 24

the liver secretes

Answer 24

bile

Question 25

the liver also stores ____ and filters toxins

Answer 25

glucose

Question 26

the gallbladder stores

Answer 26

bile

Question 27

the ___ is where digestive juices from the pancreas and liver mix

Answer 27

SI

Question 28

the ____ is where water is absorbed and stool is formed

Answer 28

LI/colon

Question 29

the spleen has to ___ and filters ___

Answer 29

no digestive function and filters blood

Question 30

the ____ controls discharge of waste material filtered from blood by kidneys

Answer 30

urinary system

Question 31

____ are retroperitoneal

Answer 31

kidneys

Question 32

the kidneys regulate ___ and ___

Answer 32

acidity and BP

Question 33

the average adult forms ___ L of urine a day

Answer 33

1.5-2

Question 34

the _____ is the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity

Answer 34

parietal peritoneum

Question 35

the ______ is the membrane that covers organs

Answer 35

visceral

Question 36

____ is the sudden onset of abdominal pain

Answer 36

acute abdomen

Question 37

peritonitis usually causes

Answer 37

ileus

Question 38

___ is the paralysis of muscular contractions in the intestines

Answer 38

ileus

Question 39

acute pain, nausea, vomiting, and distended abdomen are signs of

Answer 39

peritonitis

Question 40

____ is the inflammation of abnormal pockets at weak areas in lining of the colon

Answer 40

diverticulitis

Question 41

____ is gallbladder inflammation

Answer 41

cholecystitis

Question 42

cholecystitis pain is in

Answer 42

RUQ

Question 43

functions of the ___: - part of the lymphatic system - filters blood - RBC development - blood reservoir

Answer 43

spleen

Question 44

perceiving pain at a distant point of the body

Answer 44

referred pain

Question 45

___ is inflammation of the appendix

Answer 45

appendicitis

Question 46

appendicitis is characterized by

Answer 46

rebound tenderness

Question 47

acute adrenal failure is a

Answer 47

sudden decrease in function (can be reversed)

Question 48

chronic renal failure is

Answer 48

progressive over months and years

Question 49

chronic renal failure is often caused by

Answer 49

diabetes or high BP

Question 50

3 main causes of hernia

Answer 50

congenital defect surgical wound that didn't heal properly natural weakness

Question 51

muscle spasms of the abdomen causes

Answer 51

guarding