Chapter 5: Gases

Question 1

What makes a molecule polarized? Are polarized molecules ideal?

Answer 1

Molecule contains H directly bonded to N, O, or F (ex. HF) or bonded molecules have a difference in electronegativity values greater than or equal to 0.5. But, if equally opposing, such as CO2 where the oxygen are in opposite directions, there is not unequal distribution of electrons, making it nonpolar. Polarized molecules will exert attractive and repulsive forces on other molecules due to their charges, making them unideal.

Question 2

Assumptions of Kinetic Molecular Theory

Answer 2

1. Particles are so small their volumes are negligible
2. Particles are in constant motion, w/constant collisions creating pressure
3. Particles exert no force on each other
4. The avg. kinetic energy of gas particles is assumed to be directly proportional to the temp. in kelvin
5. Collisions are elastic/no energy is lost in collisions

Question 3

Barometer

Answer 3

device with the pool thingy and mercury at the bottom to measure atmospheric pressure

Question 4

Manometer yolo

Answer 4

“u-shaped” devixe feeding into the atmosphere and a sealed container, determines pressure of gas

Question 5

STP

Answer 5

0 degrees celsius, 1 atm (RMR IN THERMOCHEMISTRY ITS 25 DEGREES CELSIUS)

Question 6

What are TWO reasons for a pressure to increase alongside temperature a temperature increase with a liquid in the container?

Answer 6

1. There are more collisions between particles due to higher heat, this creating more pressure
2. More particles escape the liquid as vapor, spreading out the volume and creating more pressure