Chapter 1: Chemical foundations

Question 1

Name the Fundamental SI units (relevant to what we’ve learned so far) (possibly unnecessary but included just to be safe)

Answer 1

Kg, meter, second, kelvin, mole

Question 2

What do the prefixes mega, kilo, hecto, deka, deci, centi, milli, micro, and nano mean?

Answer 2

Mega - 1,000,000
kilo - 1,000
hecto - 100
deka - 10
deci - .1
centi - .01
milli - .001 (1 thousanth)
micro - .0000001 (1 millionth)
nano - .0000000001 (1 billionth)

Question 3

Convert imperial to metric or vise versa: (might not be necessary for midterms)
1 meter to yards
1 in to cm
1 kg to lb
1 lb to grams
1 L to quarts
1 ft^3 to liters
cm^3 to mL

Answer 3

1 meter = 1.094 yd
1 in = 2.54 cm
1 kg = 2.205 lb
1 lb = 453.6 g
1 L = 1.06 qt
1 ft^3 = 28.32 L
1 cm^3 = mL (get tricked haha hehe foolishness)

Question 4

When taking a measurement with a real thingy mabobber (ex. graduated cylinder) how many sig figs should you record?

Answer 4

1 uncertain digit past however many digits the thingy mabobber can measure to

Question 5

Precision vs. accuracy(might not need)

Answer 5

Precision is the closeness of values to each other (ex. 3, 3.2, 3.2) whereas accuracy is the closeness of values to the true goal (ex. goal of 1, values = 1.1, .9, 1)

Question 6

Systematic vs. random error (might not need at midterms)

Answer 6

Systematic errors shift the whole set somewhere where random errors shift, like, randomly, dude (ex. 3, 3.2, 3.1 vs. 5.9, 0, 2.5, 3.1415926535)

Question 7

At STP, how many liters in a mole

Answer 7

22.4 liters

Question 8

how convert c to k or f and all that (might not need for midterms)

Answer 8

C = f but subtract 273
to find celsius subtract F by 32 then multiply by 5C/9F
to find F multiply C by 5 F over 9 C then add 32

Question 9

Natural law vs. theory vs. observation

Answer 9

observation = smth you see
natural law = a trend among observations
hypothesis = possible explanation

Question 10

Define mass

Answer 10

resistance to change in motion, as oppsoed to weight which measures mass but is forced gravity exerts on object

Question 11

Density

Answer 11

mass/volume
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Question 12

Homogenous mixtures vs. heterogenous mixtures vs. pure substances

Answer 12

homogenous mixtures (aka solutions) appear visibly the same throughout
Heterogenous mixtures don’t do that
pure compounds are not mixtures, and are the same thing all the way (could be compounds like pure h2o)

Question 13

Physical v. chemical (changes)

Answer 13

Physical changes are stuff like state changes that don’t actually change the chemical into one or more chemically different substances