Chapter 5 Functions, Burn Specifics of Integument Flashcards
What are the main functions of the Integumentary system?
- Protection
- Body temperature regulation
- Cutaneous sensation
- Metabolic functions
- Blood reservoir
- Excretion
What are the three types of barriers in the integument which are part of the Protection function?
Chemical barriers
Physical barriers
Biological barriers
What is included in the integument’s chemical barriers
- Skin secretions: low pH retards bacterial multiplication
- Melanin: defense against UV radiation damage
What is included in the integument’s physical barriers?
- Flat, dead cells of stratum corneum surrounded by lipids
- Keratin and glycolipids block most water and water- soluble substances
- Limited penetration of skin of harmful substances
What is included in the integument’s biological barriers?
-Dendritic cells of epidermis: Present foreign antigens to white blood cells
-Macrophages of dermis
Present foreign antigens to white blood cells
-DNA
Its electrons absorb UV radiation
Radiation converted to heat
What are the main functions of the Integumentary system?
- Protection
- Body temperature regulation
- Cutaneous sensation
- Metabolic functions
- Blood reservoir
- Excretion
Under the integumentary function of Body Temperature Regulation: If body temp normal ~500 ml/day of routine ___ ___ (if environmental temperature below 31-32° C)
Insensible persperation
How much insensible perspiration does the body sweat out per day?
~500 ml/day of routine insensible persperation
During insensible perspiration, what must the environmental temp be for normal ~500 ml/day ?
Environmental temperature below 31-32° C
If body temperature rises, dilation of dermal vessels and increased sweat gland activity cool the body. What type of perspiration is this?
Sensible perspiration
In a cold external environment, body temp regulation causes:
- dermal blood vessels to constrict
- skin temp drops to slow passive heat loss
Under the integumentary function of Cutaneous Sensations: The cutaneous sensory receptors (part of the nervous system) detect …?
- Temp
- Touch
- Pain
What are included in the integument’s Metabolic Functions?
- Synthesis of Vitamin D precursor and collagenase
- Chemical conversion of carcinogens and activate some hormones
Integument Function: Blood reservoir makes up to _ % of the body’s blood volume
5%
Integument Function: Excretion of…?
Nitrogenous wastes and salt in sweat
Three major types of skin cancer:
- Basal cell carcinoma: Most common, does not metastasize, least serious
- Squamous cell carcinoma: 2nd most common, metastatic
- Melanoma: most dangerous
A burn is tissue damaged by heat, electricity, radiation, or certain chemicals. Burns…
- Denature proteins
- Kills cells
A burn is an immediate threat because …?
Dehydration and electrolytes are imbalanced
When dehydration and electrolytes are imbalanced, this leads to
renal shutdown and circulatory shock
To evaluate burns:
- Use the rule of nines
- Used to estimate volume of fluid loss
Rule of nines: Anterior and posterior head and neck make up
9%
Rule of nines: Anterior and posterior upper limbs make up
18%
Rule of nines: Perineum makes up
1%
Rule of nines: Anterior and posterior lower limbs make up
36%
The rule of nines method divides the body into _ areas, each accounting for _ ____, plus an additional 1% for the area surrounding the genitals
11 , 9% of total body area
What are the two degrees associated with Partial-thickness burns?
First degree
Second degree
What is a first degree burn?
Epidermal damage only
Localized redness, edema (swelling), and pain
What is a second degree burn?
Epidermal and upper dermal damage
Blisters appear
A full-thickness burn is called a
Third degree burn
What entails a third degree burn?
- Entire thickness of skin involved
- Skin gray-white, cherry red, or blackened
- Not painful (nerve endings destroyed) or swollen
- Skin grafting usually necessary
Burns are considered critical if:
- over 25% of the body has 2nd degree burns
- over 10% of the body has 3rd degree burns
- face, hand, or feet bear 3rd degree burns
Treatment of burns include
- Debridement (removal) of burned skin
- Antibiotics
- Temporary covering
- Skin grafts
