Chapter 5: Flight Part 3 Flashcards
1
Q
Which vertebrae are mobile?
A
- the 14 cervical vertebrae
- between head and thoracic vertebrae
2
Q
Carpometacarpus
A
- reduction and fusion of carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges
3
Q
Fused thoracic vertebrae
A
- includes 5 pieces of vertebrae
- fused bones allow for flight (human spines are flexible while this creates a less flexible spine to keep rigid in flight)
4
Q
The synsacrum
A
- huge bone near the rear of a bird, connected to caudal vertebrae
- absorbs a lot of impact from flight/landing
5
Q
Uncinate processes
A
- vertebral ribs behind keel and along spine
- strengthen the thorax while flapping, makes breathing easier while in flight
6
Q
Tibiotarsus
A
- leg bone
- takes place of human fibula
- creates a decrease in movable parts in birds
- creates stronger structure for landing/impact, less injury
7
Q
Tarsometatarsus
A
- joint leg bone with the tibiotarsus
- connects to bird digits
- replaces tarsals/metatarsals in humans
8
Q
Pectoral Girdle
A
-
9
Q
Describe the shoulder bones
A
- scapula (shoulder blade), coracoid, and humerus(forewing bone) make up a bird’s shoulder bones
10
Q
Furcula bone
A
- attaches and sticks out/off from cervical vertebrae
- strengthens thoracic skeleton for flight, 2 clavicle bones fused together
11
Q
Triosseal canal
A
- runs the tendon of the supracoracoideus muscle, which attaches to the sternum and the dorsal side of the humerus, and lifts the wing upwards in flight.
12
Q
coracoid
A
(bone connecting the sternum itself to the humerus)
13
Q
Sternum
A
- breastbone, bears a prominent keel where the flight muscles attach
14
Q
Carina (Keel)
A
- large prominent bone in front of the vertebral ribs
- protects the organs of the bird
- attached to sternum
15
Q
What is the different between red muscle and white muscle?
A
-red muscle has high mitochondrial contect, meaning it will have sustained flight power and aerobic metabolism
- white muscle are low in mito content, meaning short term power and anaerobic metabolism
