Chapter 5 : Erikson

Question 1

Psychosexual Theory

Answer 1

-Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development are based on (and expand upon) Freud’s psychosexual theory.

Question 2

stage 1 : Trust vs Mistrust (0-1 years)

Answer 2

1.What is strengthened or learned?
•If care from parent is consistent the the child learns Hope–“I can trustothers”
•Failing to require the virtue of hope will lead to the development of fear and mistrust.
2.The important relationship in this stage is the mother
Example if a baby cries does the caregiver tend to it’s needs ?

Question 3

stage 2 : Autonomy versus shame and doubt (1-3 years)

Answer 3

• Child is learning that he/she has control over its body (feed itself, play alone, use toilet) and they have a sense independence
• if children are encouraged they will lead to a virtue of will.
• if children are criticized or overly controlled they will not develop will and will think they don’t know how to make successful choices.
• Ability to make successful choices (ex, “I’m thirsty”)
• Oppurtunity : child learns to make decisions
  •important relationship : parent

Question 4

stage 3 : Initiative versus guilt (3-5 years)

Answer 4

•Child Learns to use own initiative to plan and carry out actions (at this age -play)
•Allow child to make some age-appropriate plans
•Example:–Heavy backpack –child wanting to carry it
•Unresolved? -If this does not occur, then child may be able to see possibilities but is fearful of pursuing them (i.e., inhibited by guilt)
1. What is strengthened or learned?
•Opportunity–child learns = purpose–focus and direction to carry out plans
•Danger-inhibited by guilt
2. The important relationship in this stage is the family

Question 5

stage 4 : Industry vs inferiority (5-11 years)

Answer 5

•Play becomes work
Two outcomes:
1.Student feels recognized and leads to industry
2.Student doesn’t feel recognized which causes feelings of inferiority
•The important relationships in this stage are the family, neighbours, teachers(peer group gains greater significance )
Ex/ if a child feels they can’t meet a skill that society is demanding (being athletic) then they’ll develop a sense of inferiority

Question 6

stage 5 : Identity vs identity confusion (11-8 years)

Answer 6

•“Who am I?
Two outcomes:
1.Acquires sense of identity in terms of: (identity dimensions )
–Vocation 
–Religion
–Sexual or gender identity
–Political
–Fidelity–ability to sustain loyalty and support
2.Identity confusion
–the opposite of identity achievement
–no identity formed
Identity crisis:
1)Resolved 
2)Not resolved:
–Diffusion (spread out)
–Foreclosure (following some else’s plan)
–Negative identity (rebellious opposite)
–Moratorium(postpone )
•The important relationships in this stage are peers
Ex/I don’t know what I want to be when I grow up

Question 7

what can be done to help sort out your identity?

Answer 7

1. Self assessment scales
2. epigenetic :resolve earlier issues
3. Peers:add
4. moratorium and exploration

Question 8

Identity dimensions

Answer 8

(identity dimensions )
–Vocation (occupation)
–Religion
–Sexual or gender identity
–Political
–Fidelity–ability to sustain loyalties