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RTE 1041 - Radiographic Equipment & Imaging I > Chapter 5 - Electromagnetic Waves > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Electromagnetic Waves Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 types of waves, and in which direction does each displace the medium?

Book

A
  • transverse (perpendicular)
  • longitudinal / compressional (parallel)
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2
Q

What are the 4 measurable characteristics of waves?

Book

A
  1. Speed
  2. Amplitude
  3. Wavelength
  4. Frequency
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3
Q

What is the maximum displacement of a medium from its equilibrium position called?

Book

A

AMPLITUDE
(intensity/strength)

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4
Q

What happens to amplitude as waves spread out from their source?

Book

A

It diminishes following the INVERSE SQUARE LAW

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5
Q

What is the distance between two points at the same interval of a wave called? (trough-trough, crest-crest etc.)

Book

A

WAVELENGTH

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6
Q

What is one completion of the wave form before it repeats itself called?

Book

A

A CYCLE

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7
Q

A cycle consists of 1 positive and 1 negative …

Book

A

PULSE

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8
Q

What is the number of cycles that passes by a given point in 1 second called?

Book

A

FREQUENCY

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9
Q

What is the wave formula?

Book

A

v = fλ
velocity(m/s) = frequency(Hz) x wavelength(m)

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10
Q

What is the electromagnetic wave formula?

Book

A

c = fλ
the speed of light(m/s) = frequency(Hz) x wavelength(m)

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11
Q

What is the speed of light?

Book

A

3×10^8 m/s

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12
Q

What is the planck formula?

Book

A

E=hf

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13
Q

What is the value for planck’s constant?

Book

A

4.15 x 10^-15 volt-seconds (book)
6.626 x 10^-34 J/s (powerpoint)

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14
Q

What is the factor for conversion of voltage to wavelength?

Book

A

kV = 12.4 / λ
λ = 12.4 / kV

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15
Q

How does the fact that frequency and wavelength are inversely proportional allow us to adapt Planck’s formula?

Book

A

E= h / λ
λ = h/ E

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16
Q

What is the type of movement of a particle that generates a magnetic field even when the particle may appear stationary

Book

A

SPIN

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17
Q

If the wavelength of a homogeneous beam of x-rays was reduced to one-half the original wavelength, exactly how would the number of waves striking you per second change?

Review

A

IF THE WAVELENGTH IS HALVED, THE FREQUENCY IS DOUBLED

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18
Q

The source of electromagnetic waves is a vibrating or oscillating

Review

A

ELECTRICAL CHARGE

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19
Q

Which electromagnetic radiation has an energy of 2 to 3 volts?

Review

A

VISIBLE LIGHT

20
Q

Which electromagnetic radiation has a wavelength about the width of your smallest finger nail?

Review

A

MICROWAVES

21
Q

A body tissue which allows most x-rays to penetrate through it is described in one word as:

Review

A

RADIOLUCENT

22
Q

Sonography (ultrasound) images are made possible because when the sound waves reach an interface, they ____, a characteristic which x-rays do not share.

Review

A

REFLECT AS AN ECHO

23
Q

What are the three required components for every laser?

Review

A
  • MEDIUM
  • POWER/PUMPING SOURCE
  • RESONANT CAVITY
24
Q

The electrical wave and the magnetic wave components of an x-ray are always ____ to each other.

Review

A

PERPENDICULAR

25
Q

What two terms describe the random refraction and reflection which ultrasound waves undergo when they encounter an air pocket?

Review

A

DIFFUSION/SCATTERING

26
Q

Experiments confirm that electrons have a wave function because two beams of electrons can ____ with each other

Review

A

INTERFERE

27
Q

Visible light behaves like ____ in most circumstances, whereas x-rays behave like ____ in most circumstances.

Review

A

WAVES / PARTICLES

28
Q

What are the two types of radiation?

Powerpoint

A
  • electromagnetic
  • particulate
29
Q

What is electromagnetic radiation?

Powerpoint

A

An electric and magnetic disturbance traveling through space at the speed of light

30
Q

Describe Wave-Particle Duality

Quiz

A

Wave-particle duality states that while all energies within the electromagnetic spectrum are waveforms, at high enough energies they can also act as particles

31
Q

Who is James Maxwell and what did he do?

Powerpoint

A

developed EM theory - all EM radiation:
- has no mass
- travels at the speed of light
- carries energy in waves as disturbances in space

32
Q

List the different types of EM radiation from low energy to high energy

Powerpoint

A
  • RADIO WAVES
  • MICROWAVES
  • INFRARED
  • VISIBLE LIGHT
  • ULTRAVIOLET
  • X-RAYS
  • GAMMA RAYS
33
Q

What is the difference between mechanical and EM energy?

Powerpoint

A

mechanical energy requires a medium to travel - EM can travel through a vacuum

34
Q

Long wavelengths have ____ frequency and energy

Powerpoint

A

LOW

35
Q

Short wavelengths have ____ frequency and energy

Powerpoint

A

HIGH

36
Q

What is the inverse square law?

Powerpoint

A

intensity of EM radiation diminishes over distance by a factor of the square of the distance from the source
I1/I2 = (d2)^2/(d1)^2

37
Q

What is half-life?

Powerpoint

A

the time it takes for one-half of the atoms in a radioactive element to decay

38
Q

What are alpha particles

Powerpoint

A
  • 2 protons + 2 neutrons
  • easily pick up electrons to make helium atoms
  • dangerous if inhaled
39
Q

What are beta particles?

Powerpoint

A
  • neutron decays into a proton and a beta particle (-1 charge like an electron)
  • bonds with other atoms to reach stability
40
Q

What is natural frequency?

Book

A

resonant frequency to which a specific substance is “tuned”

41
Q

How does MRI work?

Book

A
  • bursts or radio waves are set to a frequency that resonates with hydrogen atoms
  • hydrogen atoms in tissues are knocked over, then reset and send a return signal which is picked up by a receiver and interpreted by computers
42
Q

What frequency is defined as ultra-sound?

Book

A

over 20,000 Hz

43
Q

What is the law of reflection and do x-rays follow it?

Book

A

when light encounters the surface of a mirror, it will reverse direction such that the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence
X-RAYS DO NOT FOLLOW THIS LAW

44
Q

What does attenuated mean?

Book

A

partially absorbed

45
Q

At what point radiation becomes ionizing. Know the definition of ionizing

Study Guide

A

RTE 1041 - Radiographic Equipment & Imaging I (11 decks)

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